1From the great administrative and historical papyrus compiled at the close of the reign of Ramses III, recording his campaigns and benefactions.[1] Section 76:9-11: I destroyed the people of Seir, of the tribes of the Shasu (mhw.w shasu); I plundered their tents (ihr.w), their people, their possessions, their cattle likewise, without number. They were pinioned and brought as captives, tribute of Egypt.
Papyrus Harris I
BM 10053
Ancient Near East · c. 1189-1153 BCE
The longest known Egyptian papyrus, composed shortly after the death of Ramses III (ca. 1189-1153 BCE) and presenting an extended account of his reign and his benefactions to the gods. Section 76:9-11 records the king's campaign against the Shasu, here identified specifically as “the people of Seir.” The text shows that by the twelfth century BCE, Egyptian scribes paired the term Shasu with Seir as a regional name, the same southern wilderness to which Israel's earliest poetry attaches the movement of Yahweh.
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