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LXX Exodus

Septuagint

Septuagint · 3rd Century B.C.E.

The Septuagint translation of Exodus is often quite adventurous in rendering the Hebrew; its translational style shows it is not from the same translator as Genesis. There are no major differences from the Masoretic text except in chapters 35-40, which are shorter in the LXX and partly in a different order. There is no consensus as to how this has come about. It could be the result of differences in the translator's Hebrew text, or it may be the work of yet a different translator.

1These are the names of the sons of Israel who entered Egypt together with Jacob, their father; each one entered with their whole household: 2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, 3 Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin, 4 Dan, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. 5 Joseph was already in Egypt. And all the souls from Jacob were seventy-five. 6 Now Joseph and all his brothers and that whole generation died. 7 But the sons of Israel increased and multiplied and became numerous and grew very strong, and the land was filled with them. 8 Then a different king arose over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. 9 He said to his nation, “Look, the offspring of the sons of Israel are a great multitude, and they are mightier than we. 10 Come, therefore, let us deal shrewdly with them, in case they multiply greatly, and at that time war may happen to us, these people also will reinforce our enemies, and waging war against us, they will go forth out of the land.” 11 And he placed supervisors of the works over them that they might afflict them in their labors, and they constructed fortified cities for Pharaoh: Pithom, Rameses, and On, which is Heliopolis. 12 But, just when they humbled them, they became so much more numerous, and they became very exceedingly strong. And the Egyptians were in dread of the sons of Israel. 13 And the Egyptians oppressed the sons of Israel with force. 14 And they afflicted their lives by harsh labor in mixing clay and in making bricks and in all their work in the fields, throughout all the projects that they oppressed them with by force.[1] 15 And the king of the Egyptians said to the midwives of the Hebrews (the name of one of them was Shiphrah, and the name of the second was Puah), 16 and he said, “Whenever you bring the Hebrew women to birth and they are about to give birth, if it is a male baby, kill him, but if a female baby, keep her alive.” 17 But the midwives feared God and did not do as the king of Egypt charged them, and they kept the male babies alive. 18 The king of Egypt summoned the midwives and said to them, “Why did you do this thing and keep the male babies alive?” 19 The midwives said to Pharaoh, “The Hebrew women are not like the women of Egypt, for they give birth before the midwives get to them; indeed, they have already given birth.” 20 And God did good to the midwives, and the people multiplied and became very strong. 21 Since the midwives feared God, they made houses for themselves. 22 And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, “Every male baby that may be born to the Hebrews, throw it into the river, and every female baby, keep it alive.”

2And there was a certain man from the tribe of Levi who took one of the daughters of Levi. 2 And she became pregnant and gave birth to a male baby. And when they saw he was special, they hid him three months. 3 When she was not able to hide him any longer, his mother took a basket for him and smeared it with asphalt and pitch and placed the child into it and placed it on the marshy ground next to the river. 4 His sister watched carefully from a distance to find out what would happen to him. 5 And then the daughter of Pharaoh went down to bathe herself in the river. Her companions walked along beside the river. Upon seeing the basket on the marshy ground and sending her devoted companion to get it, she picked it up. 6 When she opened it, she saw a young child crying in the basket. And the daughter of Pharaoh had pity on him and declared, “This is from the children of the Hebrews.” 7 His sister said to the daughter of Pharaoh, “Do you want me to call a woman for you to serve as a wet nurse from among the Hebrews, and she will nurse the young child for you?” 8 The daughter of Pharaoh said, “Go!” And going, the young woman summoned the mother of the young child. 9 The daughter of Pharaoh said to her, “Watch closely over this child for me, and nurse it for me. And I myself will give you your wages.” And the woman took the young child and nursed it. 10 After the young child had grown up, she brought him to the daughter of Pharaoh, and he became a son to her. And she named his name Moses, saying, “Out of the water I took him.” 11 And it came about during those many days, Moses, having become grown, went out to his brothers, the sons of Israel. And when he observed their labors, he saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his own brothers from the sons of Israel. 12 And when he had looked around here and there, he did not see anyone, and after striking the Egyptian, he hid him in the sand. 13 When he went out on the next day, he saw two Hebrew men fighting. And he said to the one acting unjustly, “Why are you smiting your neighbor?” 14 But the one said, “Who set you up as a ruler and judge over us? Do you want to kill me like you killed the Egyptian yesterday?” And Moses became afraid and said, “If it is so, this word has been exposed.” 15 Pharaoh heard this word and started seeking to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh and lived in the land of Midian. After arriving in the land of Midian, he rested at the well. 16 Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters, shepherding the sheep of their father, Jethro. They would come and draw water until they filled the water troughs to water the sheep of their father, Jethro. 17 But the shepherds, coming by, drove them out. But Moses rose up and rescued them and drew water for them and watered their sheep. 18 And they came to Reuel, their father, and he said to them, “Why have you been so quick to get back today?” 19 And the women said, “An Egyptian man rescued us from the shepherds and drew water for us and watered our sheep.” 20 And he spoke to his daughters, “Where indeed is he? Why have you forsaken the man? Summon him then in order that he may eat a meal.” 21 And Moses settled down beside the man, and he gave Zipporah, his daughter, to Moses as a wife. 22 And the woman, having become pregnant, gave birth to a son, and Moses named his name Gershom, saying, “I am a stranger in a foreign land.” 23 After those many days, the king of Egypt died, and the sons of Israel groaned because of the labor and cried out, and their cry went up to God because of the labor. 24 God listened to their sighing, and God recalled his covenant with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob. 25 And God looked upon the sons of Israel and made himself known to them.

3Now Moses was tending the sheep of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock into the wilderness area and came into the mountainous area of Horeb.[2] 2 And an angel of the Lord appeared to him in flaming fire out of the bush, and he saw that the bush was aflame with fire, but the bush was not being consumed. 3 And Moses said, “When I pass close by, I will observe this great spectacle, that the bush does not burn up.” 4 When the Lord saw that he was approaching to observe, the Lord called him from out of the bush, saying, “Moses, Moses.” And he said, “What is it?” 5 And he said, “Do not approach here! Untie your sandals from your feet because the place on which you are standing is holy ground!” 6 And he said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.” And Moses turned his face away, for he was afraid to look at the face of God. 7 The Lord said to Moses, “Having observed, I know the suffering distress of my people that is in Egypt, and I have heard their outcry because of their taskmasters. For I know their grief. 8 And I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them out from that land and lead them into a good and spacious land, into a land flowing with milk and honey, into the place of the Canaanites and Hittites and Amorites and Perizzites and Gergesites and Hivites and Jebusites. 9 And now, look, the outcry of the sons of Israel has reached me, and I have seen the affliction that the Egyptians are pressing upon them. 10 And now, go! I am sending you to Pharaoh, and you will lead my people, the sons of Israel, out of Egypt.” 11 But Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and that I should lead the sons of Israel out of Egypt?” 12 And God said, “Because I will be with you, and this is the sign for you that I have sent you: When you bring the people out of Egypt, you will serve God at this mountain.” 13 But Moses said to God, “Behold, I will go to the sons of Israel and will say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you.’ They will ask me, ‘What is his name?’ What should I say to them?” 14 And God said to Moses, “I am who I am.” And he said, “This is what you shall say to the sons of Israel: ‘I am has sent me to you.’”[3] 15 God also said to Moses, “You shall say this to the sons of Israel: ‘The Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you. This is my name forever, and this is my remembrance from generation to generation.’” 16 Go, assemble the elders of the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘The Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, appeared to me, saying, “I have surely observed you and what is being done to you in Egypt. 17 And I have declared that I will lead you out of the affliction of Egypt into the land of the Canaanites and Hittites and Amorites and Perizzites and Hivites and Jebusites, into a land flowing with milk and honey.”’ 18 And they will listen to your voice. You and the elders of Israel will enter into Pharaoh and say to him, ‘The Lord God of the Hebrews has called us. Now, let us go three days’ journey into the wilderness, so that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God.’ 19 But I know that Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, will not let you go, except by a mighty hand. 20 And I will stretch out my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders, which I will do in its midst. After this, he will release you. 21 And I will give this people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians, and when you go, you will not go empty-handed. 22 Every woman will ask her neighbor and the one dwelling in her house for items of silver and gold and clothing, and you will put them on your sons and daughters. So you will despoil the Egyptians.”

4And Moses answered and said, “If they will not believe me or obey my voice, for they will say, ‘God has not appeared to you,’ what will I say to them?” 2 The Lord said to him, “What is this that is in your hand?” And he said, “A staff.” 3 And he said, “Hurl it upon the earth!” And he hurled it upon the earth, and it became a serpent, and Moses fled from it. 4 The Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand and seize the tail!” So stretching out his hand, he seized its tail, and it became a staff in his hand. 5 “Do this so that they may believe you, that the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob, appeared to you.” 6 And the Lord said to him again, “Put your hand into your bosom!” And he put his hand into his bosom, and he took his hand out of his bosom, and his hand had become like snow. 7 And he said again, “Put your hand into your bosom.” And he put his hand into his bosom, and he took it out from his bosom, and again it was restored to the skin of its flesh. 8 “And if perchance they do not believe you and do not listen to the sound of the first sign, they will believe for you the sound of the last sign. 9 And it will be if perhaps they do not believe you through these two signs, and not listen to your report, you will take some of the water of the river, and you will pour it out on the dry ground, and the water that you took from the river will become blood on the dry ground.” 10 But Moses said to the Lord, “I beg you, O Lord, I am not adequate before yesterday nor before the previous day nor from the time when you began to speak to your servant. I am weak-voiced and slow of tongue.” 11 And the Lord said to Moses, “Who gave a mouth to humankind, and who makes a mute person and a deaf person, a seeing person and a blind person? Is it not I, God? 12 And now go, and I myself will open your mouth, and I will instruct you in what you are about to say.” 13 Moses said, “I beg you, O Lord, choose another capable person whom you will send.” 14 The Lord, wrathful with anger against Moses, said, “Look, is there not Aaron, your brother, the Levite? I know that he, speaking, will speak for you. And look, he is coming out to meet with you. And when he sees you, he will rejoice in himself. 15 And you will speak to him, and you will place my words into his mouth, and I myself will open your mouth and his mouth, and I will instruct you about the things you will do. 16 And he himself will speak to the people for you, and he himself will be your mouth. You yourself will be the things concerning God to him. 17 You will take this staff, which changed into a serpent, in your hand, with which you will perform these signs with it.” 18 So Moses went and returned to Jethro, his father-in-law, and said, “I will go and return to my brothers who are in Egypt, and I will see whether they are still alive.” And Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace and health.” 19 Now after those many days, the king of Egypt died. And the Lord said to Moses in Midian, “Go, depart into Egypt! For all the men who were seeking your life have died.” 20 And Moses, having taken up his wife and his children, put them upon his beasts of burden and returned to Egypt. And Moses took the staff, the one from God, in his hand.[4] 21 The Lord said to Moses, “As you go and return to Egypt, see all of these wonders that I have placed into your hands; you will perform them in front of Pharaoh. And I myself will harden his heart, and he will certainly not send away my people. 22 But you yourself will say to Pharaoh, ‘The Lord says this: “My firstborn son is Israel.” 23 I have said to you, “Release my people so that they may worship me! If, however, you are not willing to release them, then see, I am slaying your firstborn son.”’” 24 It happened during the journey, an angel of the Lord met him at the lodging-place and was seeking to slay him.[5] 25 And then Shiphrah, taking a flint stone, cut around the foreskin of her son and fell at his feet and said, “The blood of the circumcision of my child is accomplished.” 27 And then the Lord said to Aaron, “Go into the wilderness to a meeting with Moses.” And he went and met him at the mountain of God, and they kissed each other. 28 Moses announced to Aaron all the words of the Lord that he sent and all the words that he had commanded him. 29 And Moses and Aaron went, and they gathered together the council of elders of the sons of Israel. 30 Aaron spoke all these words that God had spoken to Moses, and he performed the signs in the presence of the people. 31 And the people believed and rejoiced that God had visited the sons of Israel and that he had seen their afflictions. And, bowing down, the people worshiped.

5After these things Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and said to him, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘Release my people in order that they may hold a festival to me in the wilderness.’” 2 Pharaoh said, “Who is he that I should listen to his voice to send out the sons of Israel? I do not know the Lord, and I will not send forth Israel.” 3 And they said to him, “The God of the Hebrews has summoned us. We will go, therefore, on a journey of three days into the wilderness in order that we may offer sacrifices to our God, lest death or slaughter befall us.” 4 And the king of Egypt said to them, “For what purpose, Moses and Aaron, are you diverting my people from their work? Each of you, get back to his work.” 5 Pharaoh said, “Look, now the people are multiplying; therefore, let us not stop them from their labor.” 6 And Pharaoh charged the taskmasters of the people and the officers, saying, 7 “Do not proceed to further give straw to the people for brickmaking, as in the past and previously. They themselves should go and gather straw for themselves.” 8 “You shall continue to place upon them the quota of brickmaking that they are producing each day. You shall not take any away, for they have spare time. Because of this, they are crying out, saying, ‘Let us get up and sacrifice to our God!’” 9 “Let the labor of these people be heavy, and let them be concerned with these things, and don’t let them be concerned with empty words.” 10 The taskmasters and the officials were urging them, and were speaking to the people, saying, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘No longer will I give you straw.’” 11 “You yourselves, go and gather straw for yourselves from anywhere you can find it, for nothing will be taken away from your allotted portion.” 12 And the people scattered into the whole land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. 13 And the taskmasters were pressing them, saying, “Complete your work assigned for each day accordingly, just as when the straw was given to you.” 14 And the officials of the offspring of the sons of Israel who had been set over them were flogged by the overseers of Pharaoh, saying, “Why are you not completing your allotment of brickmaking for today, just as in the past and previously?” 15 And when the officials of the sons of Israel entered in, they cried out in the presence of Pharaoh, saying, “Why are you acting in this way to your servants?” 16 “Straw has not been given to your servants, and they tell us to make bricks, and look, your servants are being flogged! Therefore you are acting unjustly with respect to your people!” 17 He said to them, “You are loafing; you are loafers, and because of this you say, ‘Let us go that we may offer sacrifices to our God.’” 18 “Now, therefore, go and do your work! For the straw will not be given to you, and you will deliver the quota of brickmaking!” 19 And the officials of the sons of Israel saw themselves in difficult straits, saying, “You will not fail to accomplish the allotted brickmaking for the day.” 20 They met Moses and Aaron, coming to meet them as they came out from Pharaoh. 21 And they said to them, “May God see you and judge you because you have made our odor loathsome in the presence of Pharaoh and in the presence of his attendants, so as to place a sword into his hands to slay us!” 22 Moses turned to the Lord and said, “I pray, O Lord! Why have you afflicted this people, and for what purpose have you sent me?” 23 “And from the time when I went to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has afflicted this people, and you have not delivered your people!”

6And the Lord said to Moses, “Now you will see the things I will perform against Pharaoh, for he will send them forth by a strong hand, and with an arm raised high he will cast them forth out of his land.” 2 And God spoke to Moses and said to him, “I am the Lord. 3 I also appeared to Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, being their God, and I did not make my name, the Lord, known to them. 4 I established my covenant with them for the purpose of giving the land of the Canaanites to them, the land where they sojourned, in which they also dwelt on it. 5 And I myself listened to the groaning of the sons of Israel, which the Egyptians enslave them, and I remembered your covenant. 6 Go, speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘I am the Lord, and I will bring you forth from the power of the Egyptians, and I will rescue you out of slavery, and I will redeem you by an upraised arm and by great judgment.’ 7 ‘And I will take you to myself as my people, and I will be your God, and you will know that I am the Lord, your God, who is leading you out from the oppression of the Egyptians.’ 8 ‘I will lead you out into the land, concerning which I stretched out my hand to give it to Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, and I will give it to you as an inheritance. I am the Lord.’ 9 And Moses spoke in this way to the sons of Israel, and they did not listen to Moses because of their discouragement and because of their heavy labor. 10 The Lord said to Moses, saying, 11 “Go in, speak to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, so that he will send the sons of Israel out of his land.” 12 And Moses spoke in the presence of the Lord, saying, “Look, the sons of Israel have not listened to me, and how will Pharaoh listen to me? And here I am unreasoning!” 13 The Lord responded to Moses and Aaron and charged them with respect to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, for the purpose of sending out the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt. 14 Now these are the leaders of their ancestral households. The sons of Reuben, firstborn of Israel: Enoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi. This is the lineage of Reuben. 15 The sons of Simeon: Jemuel and Jamin and Ehud and Jachin and Zohar and Shaul, the son of the Phoenician woman. These are the families of the sons of Simeon. 16 These are the names of the sons of Levi according to their lineage: Gershon and Kohath and Merari; and the years of the life of Levi were a hundred and thirty-seven. 17 These are the sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei according to the households of their fathers. 18 The sons of Kohath were: Amram and Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel. The years of the life of Kohath were a hundred and thirty years. 19 The sons of Merari were: Mahli and Mushi. These are the ancestral households of Levites according to their lineage. 20 Amram took Jochebed, daughter of the brother of his father, to himself as a wife. And she bore him both Aaron and Moses and Miriam, their sister. And the years of the life of Amram were a hundred and thirty-two years. 21 The sons of Izhar were: Korah and Nepheg and Zichri. 22 The sons of Uzziel were: Elizaphan and Sithri. 23 And Aaron took Elisheba daughter of Amminadab, sister of Nahshon, to himself as a wife. She bore him Nadab and Abihu and Eleazar and Ithamar. 24 The sons of Korah: Assir and Elkanah and Ebiasaph. These are the generations of Korahites. 25 Eleazar the son of Aaron took one of the daughters of Putiel to himself as a wife. She bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the families of the Levites according to their generations. 26 This Aaron and Moses, whom God told them to bring the sons of Israel out from the land of Egypt with their power. 27 These are the ones who spoke to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and brought out the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt—Aaron himself and Moses. 28 On the day in which the Lord spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt, 29 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “I am the Lord; you speak to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and I myself speak to you.” 30 Then Moses said before the Lord, “Look, I myself am unskilled in voice, and how will Pharaoh listen to me?”

7The Lord responded to Moses, saying, “Look, I have made you like a god to Pharaoh, and Aaron, your brother, will be your prophet. 2 And you yourself will tell him all the things I have commanded you. And Aaron, your brother, will talk to Pharaoh, so that he sends the sons of Israel out of his land. 3 I myself will harden the heart of Pharaoh and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt. 4 But Pharaoh will not listen to you. And I will lay my hand upon Egypt, and I will lead my people, the sons of Israel, out of the land of Egypt with my power, with great vengeance. 5 And all the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord stretching out my hand over Egypt, and I will lead the sons of Israel out from their midst.” 6 And Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded them, so they did. 7 Now Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron, his brother, eighty-three years old when he spoke to Pharaoh. 8 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, saying, 9 “Now when Pharaoh speaks to you, saying, ‘Give to us a sign or wonder,’ you will say to Aaron, your brother, ‘Take the staff and hurl it upon the earth in front of Pharaoh and in front of his attendants,’ and it will become a dragon.” 10 And Moses and Aaron entered into the presence of Pharaoh and his attendants, and they did so, just as the Lord had commanded them; and Aaron hurled the staff in the presence of Pharaoh and in the presence of his attendants, and it became a dragon. 11 And Pharaoh called together the wise men of Egypt and the sorcerers. And the magicians of the Egyptians also did the same by their spells. 12 Each one threw down their staff, and they became dragons; but Aaron’s staff swallowed their staffs down. 13 But the heart of Pharaoh grew strong, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord commanded them. 14 And the Lord said to Moses, “The heart of Pharaoh is hardened not to send the people out. 15 Go to Pharaoh early in the day. Look, he goes out to the water, and you shall be meeting him on the shore of the river; and take the staff that changed into a serpent in your hand. 16 You shall tell him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to you, saying, “Send my people out so they may worship me in the wilderness!” But look, you have not listened up to now.’ 17 “This is what the Lord says: ‘By this you will know that I am the Lord: Look, I will hit the water in the river with the staff that is in my hand, and it will change into blood.’” 18 “And the fish in the river will die, and the river will stink, and the Egyptians will not be able to drink water from the river.” 19 And the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, your brother, ‘Take your staff in your hand and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt and over their rivers and over their irrigation channels and over their ponds and over all their pools of water, and they will become blood. And it will become blood in the whole land of Egypt, in both wooden and stone vessels.’” 20 And Moses and Aaron did so, just as the Lord had commanded them. And when he lifted up his staff, he struck the water in the river in the presence of Pharaoh and in the presence of his attendants and changed all the water in the river into blood. 21 The fish in the river died, and the river stank. And the Egyptians were unable to drink water from the river. The blood was in the whole land of Egypt. 22 And then the magicians of the Egyptians also did likewise by their spells, and the heart of Pharaoh hardened. So, he did not listen to them, just as the Lord said. 23 And Pharaoh turned around and entered into his house, and he did not set his mind on even this. 24 And all the Egyptians dug around the river to drink water from the river, and they were unable to drink water from the river. 25 And seven days passed after the Lord struck the river.

8And the Lord said to Moses, “Enter to Pharaoh and tell him, ‘This is what the Lord says: “Release my people so they may worship me! 2 But if you are not willing to send them out, look, I will smite all your borders with frogs!”’ 3 “The river will swarm with frogs, and, coming up, they will enter into your houses and into your bedchambers and on your couches and on the houses of your attendants and your people, and even into your dough and into your mixing bowls.” 4 “And the frogs will climb on you and on your attendants and on your people.” 5 And the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, your brother, ‘Stretch your staff in your hand out over the rivers and over the irrigation channels and over the ponds and bring up the frogs.’” 6 Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt and brought up the frogs. And the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. 7 But the magicians of the Egyptians also did the same by their spells and also brought up the frogs onto the land of Egypt. 8 And Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the Lord for me, and have him remove the frogs from me and from my people. And I will release them so that they may sacrifice to the Lord.” 9 And Moses said to Pharaoh, “Appoint a time for me when I may pray for you and your attendants and your people to remove the frogs from you and your people and your houses, so that they remain only in the river.” 10 And he said, “Tomorrow!” He said, “Therefore, it will be as you have said, so that you may know that there is no other besides the Lord.[6] 11 And the frogs will be taken from you and your houses and your villages and your attendants and your people, so that they will remain only in the river.” 12 Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and Moses cried out to the Lord regarding the agreement about the frogs, as Pharaoh had charged. 13 And the Lord did just as Moses said, and the frogs died out of the houses and also out of the villages and the fields. 14 And they gathered them heap by heap, and the land smelled foul. 15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was a respite, his heart became heavy, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said. 16 The Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff in your hand and strike the dust of the land, and there will be gnats on both humans and on four-footed animals and on the entire land of Egypt.’” 17 Therefore Aaron stretched out in his hand the staff, and he struck the dust of the land. And the gnats were on the people and on the four-footed animals, and the gnats were in all the dust of the land. 18 But the magicians also made to bring out the gnats likewise by their use of drugs, potions, and spells, and yet they were unable. And the gnats were on the people and on the four-footed animals. 19 So the magicians said to the Pharaoh, “This is the finger of God.” But the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said. 20 And the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the day and stand before Pharaoh. Look, he himself goes out to the water, and you shall tell him, ‘This is what the Lord says: “Release my people so that they may worship me in the wilderness!”’ 21 “But if you are unwilling to send my people out, look, I will send dog-flies upon you and your attendants and your people and your houses, and the houses of the Egyptians will be full of the dog-flies, and in the land upon which they are on it.” 22 “I will distinguish the land of Goshen in that day, upon where my people are upon it, upon which the dog-flies will not be there, so that you may know that I am the Lord, the lord of all the earth.” 23 “I will establish a distinction between my people and your people. And in the morning this will be upon the land.” 24 And the Lord did so, and the multitude of dog-flies appeared into the houses of Pharaoh and the houses of his attendants and all the land of Egypt. And the land was utterly destroyed by the dog-flies. 25 And Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron, saying, “Go! Offer sacrifice to your God in the land.” 26 Moses said, “It is impossible to perform this word like that, because we will be sacrificing to the Lord our God things that are an abomination to the Egyptians, and if we sacrifice things that are offensive to the Egyptians right in front of them, we will be stoned. 27 We will go into the wilderness a three-day journey, and then we will sacrifice to our God, just as the Lord told us.” 28 Pharaoh said, “I myself will send you out, and you will sacrifice to your God in the wilderness. But you shall not extend to go far. So pray to the Lord on my behalf.” 29 And Moses said, “Look, I myself will go out from you, and I will pray to God, and then the dog-flies will go away from you and your attendants and your people tomorrow. Do not proceed further, O Pharaoh, to deceive by not sending the people out to sacrifice to the Lord.” 30 And Moses went out from Pharaoh and prayed to God. 31 The Lord did just as Moses asked and took away the dog-flies from Pharaoh and his attendants and his people, and there were none left. 32 And Pharaoh made his heart heavy this time also and was unwilling to send the people out.

9And the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Release my people so that they may worship me. 2 If indeed, then, you are not willing to send my people out, but you still hold on to them, 3 look, the hand of the Lord will be on your livestock, which are in the fields, on the horses and on the beasts of burden and the camels and oxen and the flocks, a very great death. 4 And I myself will at that time distinguish between the livestock of the Egyptians and the livestock of the sons of Israel! Nothing of all the animals of the sons of Israel will die!”’” 5 And God gave a time limit, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will perform this thing on the land.” 6 And the Lord did this thing the next day, and all the livestock of the Egyptians died. But of the livestock of the sons of Israel not one thing died! 7 But when Pharaoh saw that not one thing of all the livestock of the sons of Israel died, the heart of Pharaoh became heavy, and he did not send the people out. 8 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying, “As for you, take handfuls of furnace soot and Moses should scatter it toward the heavens in the presence of Pharaoh and in the presence of his attendants. 9 Let it become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and festering sores will be on the humans and on the four-footed animals, blisters breaking out on the humans and on the four-footed animals and the entire land of Egypt.” 10 And he took the furnace soot into the presence of Pharaoh, and Moses scattered it toward the heavens, and it became festering sores, blisters, breaking out on the humans and on the four-footed animals. 11 The magicians were unable to stand before Moses because of the festering sores, for the festering sores were on the magicians and throughout the entire land of Egypt. 12 But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had charged. 13 And the Lord spoke to Moses, “Get up early in the day, and stand in front of Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Send out my people so that they may worship me. 14 For at the present, I myself will send all of my plagues out into your heart and into the heart of your attendants and of your people, in order that you may know that there is no other like me in all the earth. 15 Indeed, now, after sending my hand out, I will strike you, and I will slay your people, and you will be destroyed from the earth. 16 And for this purpose you have been preserved, in order that I may display my power in you and in order that my name might be proclaimed throughout all the earth.[7] 17 Yet you still claim my people, not sending them out. 18 Look, at this time tomorrow I will rain very much hail down, such as has not happened in Egypt from the day it was founded until this day. 19 Now, therefore, hurry to gather together your livestock and the things that are yours in the field! For all the humans and the livestock that you have in the field and does not go into a shelter and the hail falls upon it, will die!”’” 20 He who feared the word of the Lord from among the attendants of Pharaoh gathered his livestock into the houses. 21 But he who did not pay mind to the word of the Lord left his livestock in the fields. 22 And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand to the heavens, and a hailstorm will come upon the whole land of Egypt, upon the humans, the livestock, and upon all the herbage that is upon the land.” 23 And then Moses stretched out his hand toward the heavens, and the Lord gave thunder and hail, and fire flashed to the ground, and the Lord rained hail upon all the land of Egypt. 24 Now there was hail, and fire burning in the hail, and the hail was very severe, such as had never happened in Egypt since the days the nation came to live in the land. 25 The hail struck throughout all the land of Egypt, from human to animal. And the hail struck all the herbage in the field, and the hail shattered all the trees in the fields. 26 Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, was there no hail. 27 And Pharaoh sent out and summoned Moses and Aaron and said to them, “I have done wrong this time. The Lord is righteous, but I and my people are acting irreverently. 28 Pray, therefore, to the Lord on my behalf, and let it cease happening, the divine thunder and hail and fire, and I will send you away, and you will no longer continue to remain here.” 29 Moses said to him, “When I leave the city, I will spread out my hands, and the thunderings will cease, and the hail and the rain will be no more, so that you may know that the earth is the Lord’s. 30 And as for you and your attendants, I know that you do not yet fear God.” 31 Now the flax and the barley were smitten, for the barley was ripening and the flax was seeding. 32 But the wheat and the spelt were not smitten, for they are crops that ripen late in the season. 33 And Moses went from Pharaoh outside the city and stretched out his hands to the Lord, and the thunderings ceased, and the hail and the rain no longer fell upon the land. 34 But when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunderings ceased, he continued to sin, and he made his heart heavy and the hearts of his servants. 35 And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not send out the sons of Israel, just as the Lord had said to Moses.

10And the Lord said to Moses, saying, “Go in to Pharaoh, for I myself have hardened his heart and the hearts of his attendants so that these signs have come upon them, one after another, 2 so that you may pass on into the ears of your children and to the children of your children how much I mocked the Egyptians, and my signs that I performed among them, and you will know that I am the Lord.” 3 And Moses and Aaron entered into the presence of Pharaoh and said to him, “This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long are you unwilling to turn to me? Send my people out in order that they may worship me! 4 But if you are not willing to send my people out, look, at this time tomorrow I myself will bring a great swarm of locusts upon all your borders. 5 And it will cover the face of the land, and you will not be able to look down at the land. And it will devour all the abundance of the land that was left, which the hail left for you, and it will devour every tree that grows up for you upon the land. 6 And your houses and the houses of your attendants and all the houses in the entire land of the Egyptians will be filled with such things as neither your fathers nor their grandfathers have ever seen, from the day that they have been upon the land until this day.’” And Moses turned around and went forth from Pharaoh. 7 And the attendants of Pharaoh said to him, “How long will this man be a snare to us? Send out the people so that they may worship their God! Or do you want to know that Egypt is destroyed?” 8 And they returned, both Moses and Aaron, to Pharaoh, and he said to them, “Go and worship your God. But who are they that are going?” 9 And Moses responded, “We will go with the young men and with the old men, with our sons and daughters and flocks and oxen, for it is a pilgrim feast of the Lord.” 10 And he said to them, “Let it be so, the Lord be with you! For as I send you away, must I also send your household? Take care, for evil lies ahead for you! 11 Not so, but let the men go and worship God! For you yourselves are seeking this!” And they drove them out from the presence of Pharaoh. 12 And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt and let a swarm of locusts come upon the land, and it will devour all the herbage of the land and all the fruit of the trees that the hail left remaining.” 13 And Moses raised up his staff toward the heavens and brought a south wind onto the land that whole day and during the whole night. The morning came, and the south wind brought up the swarm of locusts. 14 And the wind brought it upon the whole land of Egypt, and it settled upon all the territory of Egypt, a very numerous horde. Before it there had not been such a swarm of locusts, nor would there be so many again after them. 15 It concealed the surface of the land, and the land was destroyed, and it devoured all the herbage of the land and all the fruit of the trees that were left remaining from the hail. No greenery was left on the trees at all, nor on any herbs of the field in the land of Egypt. 16 And Pharaoh hastened to call Moses and Aaron, saying, “I have acted wrongly before the Lord your God and toward you. 17 Forgive, therefore, my sin even now, and pray to the Lord your God, and let him remove this death from me.” 18 And Moses went forth from Pharaoh and prayed to God. 19 And the Lord changed it to a strong wind from the sea, and it took the swarm of locusts up and threw them into the Red Sea; and not one locust remained throughout the entire land of Egypt. 20 But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not send the sons of Israel out. 21 And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the heavens and let darkness come over the land of Egypt, a palpable darkness.” 22 Moses stretched out his hand toward the heavens, and there was darkness—a dark, dense storm—over the whole land of Egypt for three days. 23 And no one saw his brother for three days, and no one got up off of his couch for three days. But to all the sons of Israel there was light in all their dwellings where they were dwelling. 24 And Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron, saying, “Go, worship the Lord your God! Only let the sheep and the oxen remain, but let your households depart with you.” 25 And Moses said, “But you yourself will also provide us with whole burnt offerings and sacrifices, which we will present to the Lord our God. 26 And our livestock will go with us, and no hoof will remain. For we will choose some of them to worship the Lord our God. And we ourselves do not know by what means we will worship the Lord our God until we arrive there.” 27 But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he was unwilling to send them out. 28 Pharaoh said, “Depart from me! I warn you about continuing to see my face further; on the day you appear to me, you will die.” 29 And Moses responded, “You have spoken! I will appear before you in person no further.”

11And the Lord said to Moses, “Yet one more plague I will bring onto Pharaoh and upon Egypt, and after these things he will send you out from here! And whenever he sends you out, he will cast you out by a casting out, along with everything. 2 Speak, therefore, secretly into the ears of my people, and let each one ask from his neighbor things of silver and of gold and clothing.” 3 And the Lord gave his people favor before the Egyptians, and they lent to them. And the man Moses became very great before the Egyptians and before Pharaoh and before all of his attendants. 4 Moses said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘About the middle of the nightly watch I will go forth into the midst of Egypt. 5 And every firstborn in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who is seated upon his throne, to the firstborn of the servant girl who is beside the millstone, even to the firstborn of all the livestock. 6 And there will be a great outcry throughout the whole land of Egypt, such as has never happened, and such as will never happen again. 7 But among all the sons of Israel, no dog will snarl with its tongue, neither at human or animal, in order that you may know the extent to which the Lord will distinguish between the Egyptians and Israel. 8 And all these servants of yours will come down to me and reverence me, saying, “Go forth, you and all your people, whom you are leading forth!” And after these things I will go forth.’” Then Moses went forth from Pharaoh with wrath. 9 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that multiplying, I may multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.” 10 And Moses and Aaron did all these signs and wonders in the land of Egypt in the presence of Pharaoh. But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not listen to send the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt.

12And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 “This month is the head of months to you; among the months of the year it is the first for you. 3 Speak to the whole assembly of the sons of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth day of this month, let each one take a sheep according to the ancestral households, each one take a sheep per household. 4 But if those in the household are only a few, so that they are not enough for a whole sheep, he will bring in his nearest neighbor along with himself; according to the number of persons, each one a portion enough for him, let it be reckoned with respect to the sheep. 5 There shall be an unblemished sheep, a male one year old, for you; you will take it from the lambs and the young kids. 6 And then it will be watched closely for you until the fourteenth of this month, and all the multitude of the congregation of the sons of Israel shall slay it toward evening. 7 And they will take some of the blood and place it upon the two doorposts and upon the lintel in the houses, in which they may eat them in. 8 And on this night they will eat the meat roasted by fire; they will eat it along with unleavened bread with bitter herbs. 9 You shall not eat it raw or even boiled in water, but rather roasted by fire, the head with the feet and the entrails. 10 None of it should be left behind until morning, and no bone from it should be crushed, but you shall burn the parts left over from it in the fire until morning. 11 And you shall eat it in this way: with your loins girded and your sandals on your feet and your staffs in your hands. And you shall eat it with haste. It is a Passover to the Lord. 12 And I will go in the land of Egypt on this night, and I will strike every firstborn in the land of Egypt, human and animal, and I will render judgment upon all the gods of the Egyptians! I am the Lord. 13 And the blood will be as a sign for you upon the houses in which you are dwelling. And I will observe the blood, and I will shelter you, and there will be no blow of destruction among you when I strike the land of Egypt. 14 And this day shall be a memorial for you, and you shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord for all your generations; you shall celebrate it as an eternal ordinance. 15 For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and from the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses; every one who eats leaven from the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be utterly destroyed from Israel. 16 The first day shall be called holy, and the seventh day shall be a holy assembly to you. You shall do no common labor on these days, except whatever is done for any person, only this may be done for you. 17 Observe this commandment, for in this day I will lead your hosts out from the land of Egypt, and throughout your generations you shall treat this day as an eternal ordinance. 18 Beginning in the fourteenth day of the first month, from the evening, you shall eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the month, until the evening. 19 For seven days no leaven will be present in your houses. Everyone who eats something leavened, among both the sojourners and the natives of the land, that person will be utterly destroyed from the congregation of Israel. 20 You shall not eat anything leavened. But in all your dwelling places you shall eat unleavened bread.’” 21 And Moses summoned the whole council of elders of the sons of Israel and said to them, “When you depart, take to you yourselves a sheep according to your lineage and sacrifice the Passover. 22 And take a bundle of hyssop and, when you have dipped it from the blood that is beside the door, you shall daub the lintel and both of the doorposts with the blood that is beside the door; as for you, each of you shall not go out the door of his house until morning. 23 And the Lord will pass by to strike the Egyptians, and when he sees the blood on the lintel and on both the doorposts, the Lord will pass your door by and will not permit the destroyer to enter your houses to strike. 24 And you shall keep this event as an ordinance for yourself and your sons perpetually. 25 And when you enter the land that the Lord is giving to you, just as he had said, you shall keep this ritual. 26 And it shall be when your sons say to you, ‘What is this ritual?’ 27 you shall say to them, ‘This Passover is an offering to the Lord, as when he sheltered the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians but rescued our houses.’” And, bowing down, the people worshiped. 28 And when they had left, the sons of Israel did just as the Lord had commanded Moses; so they did. 29 And it happened during the middle of the night, also the Lord struck every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat upon the throne, to the firstborn of the captive slave girl who was in the pit, even to the firstborn of all livestock. 30 And Pharaoh rose up during the night, and his attendants and all the Egyptians, and there was a great cry in all the land of Egypt, for there was no house in which there was no dead person in it. 31 And Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron during the night and said to them, “Arise and go forth from my people, both you and the sons of Israel! Go! And worship the Lord your God just as you have said! 32 Go, taking along your sheep and your cattle! And now, bless me also!” 33 And the Egyptians urged the people to go with haste to send them out of the land. For they said, “All of us are dying!” 34 And the people packed up their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls wrapped up in their cloaks upon their shoulders. 35 And the sons of Israel did just as Moses charged them and requested vessels of silver and gold and clothing from the Egyptians. 36 The Lord gave favor to his people in the presence of the Egyptians, and they supplied them and despoiled the Egyptians. 37 And the sons of Israel set out from Rameses toward Succoth; the men were six hundred thousand on foot, besides the rest. 38 And a numerous mixed group went up with them, along with very many sheep and oxen and livestock. 39 And they baked the dough that they carried out of Egypt into unleavened cakes, for it was not leavened. For the Egyptians had driven them out, and they could not tarry, nor did they even prepare provisions for themselves for the journey. 40 Now the sojourn of the sons of Israel, during which they lived in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, was four hundred and thirty-five years.[8] 41 And it happened after the four hundred and thirty-five years, all the hosts of the Lord went forth from the land of Egypt by night. 42 It is an advance guard to the Lord, to bring them out of the land of Egypt. That night it is a advance guard to the Lord, for it to be for all the sons of Israel in their generations. 43 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying, “This is the regulation for the Passover: No foreigner shall eat of it. 44 But as for every servant or one purchased with money, you shall circumcise him, and then he may eat of it. A sojourner or hired servant shall not eat of it. 45 It shall be eaten in one house, and you shall not eat the meat outside of the house, and you shall not break its bone. 46 The whole community of the sons of Israel shall perform it. 47 But if some sojourner approaches you to perform the Passover to the Lord, you shall circumcise every male belonging to him, and then he may come forward to keep it, and he will be just as also the native of the land. No one uncircumcised shall eat of it. 48 There shall be one regulation for the native and for the stranger who approaches you.” 49 And the sons of Israel did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron to them; so they did. 50 And it happened on that day, the Lord led the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt with their host.

13The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Set every firstborn aside for me, the first-birthed that opens every womb among the sons of Israel, human or animal; it is mine.” 3 And Moses spoke to the people, “Remember this day, in which you went out from the land of Egypt from the house of slavery, for the Lord led you out of here with a strong hand. And no leaven shall be eaten. 4 For you are going out on this day in the month of the new crops. 5 And it will be when, if the Lord your God leads you into the land of the Canaanites and Hittites and Hivites and Girgashites and Amorites and Perizzites and Jebusites, which he swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, then you would observe this ritual in this month. 6 For six days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the seventh day there is a feast unto the Lord. 7 You shall eat unleavened bread for seven days; nothing leavened shall appear to you, and no leaven shall be with you within all your borders. 8 And you shall explain to your son on that day, saying, ‘Because the Lord God did this for me as I came out of Egypt.’ 9 And it shall be to you as a sign on your hand and a memorial before your eyes, so that the instruction of the Lord may be in your mouth, for the Lord God brought you out of Egypt by a strong hand. 10 And you shall observe this instruction year to year. 11 “And it will be when the Lord your God has brought you into the land of the Canaanites, the way he swore to your fathers, and he will give it to you. 12 And you shall take everything that opens the womb, the males belong to the Lord. Everything opening the womb of the cattle or among your livestock, whatever belongs to you, you shall set aside the males for the Lord. 13 You shall exchange everything opening the womb of a donkey for a sheep, but if you do not exchange it, you shall redeem it. You shall redeem every firstborn of humankind from among your sons. 14 And when your son asks you about these things, saying, ‘What does this mean?’ then you will say to him, ‘The Lord led us out from the land of Egypt by a strong hand, out of the house of slavery. 15 But when Pharaoh became stubborn about releasing us, the Lord killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of humans to the firstborn of animals. Because of this I sacrifice every firstborn to the Lord, everything opening the womb, the males, but I redeem every firstborn of my sons. 16 And it shall serve as a sign on your hand and fixed before your eyes, for the Lord brought you out of Egypt by a strong hand.’” 17 When Pharaoh sent the people out, God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines because it was near. For God said, “In case the people, seeing war, regret their decision and return to Egypt.” 18 And God led the people around by the road that goes into the wilderness toward the Red Sea; in the fifth generation the sons of Israel went up out of the land of Egypt. 19 And Moses took the bones of Joseph along with him, for he had made the sons of Israel swear with an oath, saying, “The Lord will watch over you by a watch, and you shall take up my bones along with you from here.” 20 After setting out from Succoth, the sons of Israel camped at Etham beside the wilderness. 21 Now God was leading them by a pillar of cloud by day to show them the way, but during the night by a pillar of fire. 22 And the pillar of cloud by day, or the pillar of fire by night, did not cease in front of all the people.

14And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the sons of Israel and let them turn back and encamp in front of the village between Migdol and the sea opposite Baal-zephon. You will encamp in front of them by the sea. 3 And Pharaoh will say to his people, ‘These sons of Israel are straggling about in the land, for the desert has enclosed them.’ 4 But I will harden the heart of Pharaoh, and he will pursue hard after them, and I will gain glory through Pharaoh and through all his army, and all the Egyptians will recognize that I am the Lord.” And they did so. 5 And it was reported to the king of the Egyptians that the people had fled, and the heart of Pharaoh and the heart of his attendants was changed toward the people. Then they said, “What is this we have done by sending forth the sons of Israel to not serve us?” 6 Therefore, Pharaoh made his chariot ready and took all his people with himself. 7 And he took six hundred chosen chariots and all the horsemen of the Egyptians and attending officers on each one. 8 And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and of his attendants, and he pursued hard after the sons of Israel. But the sons of Israel went out with an upraised hand. 9 The Egyptians pursued closely after them and came upon them encamped beside the sea; and all the cavalry and the chariots of Pharaoh and his horsemen and his army were in front of the village opposite Baal-zephon. 10 And Pharaoh approached, and when the sons of Israel looked up with their eyes, they saw the Egyptians camped behind them, and they were very terrified. Then the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord. 11 And they said to Moses, “Are you leading us out to be put to death in the wilderness because there are no graves in the land of Egypt? Why did you do this to us, bringing us out of Egypt? 12 Was this not the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, ‘Leave us alone so that we may serve the Egyptians. For it is better for us to be slaves to the Egyptians than to die in this wilderness.’” 13 Moses said to the people, “Be courageous; stand firm and observe the salvation that is from God, which he will perform for you today. For just as you have seen the Egyptians today, you will not continue to see them further forever. 14 The Lord will do battle for you, you will keep silent!” 15 Then the Lord spoke to Moses, “Why are you crying out to me? Speak to the sons of Israel, and have them move out. 16 And lift up your staff and stretch your hand out over the sea and split it, and have the sons of Israel enter into the midst of the sea on the dry ground. 17 And look, I myself will harden the heart of Pharaoh and of all the Egyptians, and they will go in after them. And I will gain glory through Pharaoh, and also by all of his army and by his chariots and by his horses. 18 And all the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord when I get glory through Pharaoh and through his chariots and his horses.” 19 And the angel of God, who was going ahead of the encampment of the sons of Israel, went up and proceeded to go along from their rear. And the pillar of cloud also lifted up from in front of them and stood behind them. 20 And it went between the Egyptians and the encampment of Israel and stopped. And there was gloom and darkness, and the night passed, and they did not come near each other the whole night. 21 And Moses stretched his hand out over the sea, and the Lord stirred the sea up by a violent south wind throughout the whole night and made the sea dry ground, and the water was split. 22 The sons of Israel entered into the middle of the sea on the dry ground, and the water was a wall to them on their right and a wall on their left. 23 And the Egyptians pursued closely, and every horse of Pharaoh and his chariots and his horsemen entered after them into the middle of the sea. 24 And it happened in the early morning watch that the Lord looked upon the camp of the Egyptians in a pillar of fire and cloud, and he confounded the camp of the Egyptians, 25 and he bound the axles of their chariots, and he led them by force. And the Egyptians said, “Let us flee from the presence of Israel! For the Lord is fighting against the Egyptians on their behalf!” 26 And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch your hand out over the sea, and I will return the water, and it will cover the Egyptians, both the chariots and the horsemen.” 27 Then Moses stretched his hand out over the sea, and around daybreak the water returned to its territory. But the Egyptians fled into the water, and the Lord shook off the Egyptians in the middle of the sea. 28 And the water turned back and covered the chariots and the horsemen and all the forces of Pharaoh who had entered the sea after them, and not even one of them was left. 29 The sons of Israel proceeded along on the dry ground in the middle of the sea, but the water was to them a wall on their right and a wall on their left. 30 And the Lord rescued Israel on that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead along the shore of the sea. 31 And Israel saw the great hand, the things the Lord did to the Egyptians, and the people feared the Lord, and they trusted in God and Moses his servant.

15Then Moses and the sons of Israel sang this song to God and they said, saying, “Let us sing to the Lord, for he is gloriously glorified; horse and rider he has cast into the sea.” 2 He has become a helper and protector to me for salvation; this is my God, and I will honor him, God of my father, and I will exalt him. 3 The Lord who shatters wars, the Lord is his name[9] 4 The chariots of Pharaoh and his forces he has cast into the sea. Select riders, officers standing on the chariots, were swallowed up in the Red Sea. 5 In the open sea he covered them; they sank into the deep like a stone. 6 Your right hand, O Lord, is glorified in strength; your right hand, O Lord, has shattered the enemies. 7 And by the abundance of your glory you have crushed the enemies; you sent forth your anger, and it devoured them like stubble. 8 And by the blast of your wrath the water parted; the waters became solid like a wall; the swollen waves congealed in the midst of the sea. 9 The enemy said, ‘I will pursue and seize; I will divide up the spoils; I will satisfy my desire; I will kill with my sword; my hand will prevail.’ 10 You sent forth your wind, the sea covered them; they sank like lead in the mighty water. 11 Who is like you among the gods, O Lord? Who is like you—majestic in holiness, marvelous in praiseworthy deeds, performing wonders? 12 You stretched out your right hand, the earth devoured them. 13 You led this your people, whom you redeemed, in your righteousness. You have called them by your power into your holy habitation. 14 The nations heard and are angry; pangs have taken hold of the inhabitants of Philistia. 15 Then the leaders of Edom were dismayed, and, as for the Moabite rulers, trembling seized them; all the inhabitants of Canaan were melted. 16 Let fear and trembling fall upon them. By the greatness of your arm they are as stone, until your people, O Lord, pass by, until this people of yours whom you have procured, pass by. 17 When you lead them in, plant them in the mountain of your inheritance, in your prepared dwelling place, which you prepared, O Lord, the holy place, O Lord, which your hands have made ready. 18 The Lord who rules forever and on into forever and beyond!” 19 For the horses of Pharaoh entered the sea with the chariots and riders, and the Lord brought the waters of the sea over them. And then the sons of Israel went on through the dry ground into the middle of the sea. 20 Then Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took up her tambourine in her hand, and all the women went out behind her with tambourines and dancing. 21 Then Miriam led them, saying, “Let us sing to the Lord, for he is gloriously glorified; horse and rider he has cast into the sea.” 22 And Moses took the sons of Israel away from the Red Sea, and he led them into the wilderness of Shur. And they went three days in the wilderness and did not find water to drink. 23 And they came to Marah and were not able to drink at Marah, for it was bitter. Because of this the name of that place was called ‘Bitterness.’ 24 And the people began muttering against Moses, saying, “What will we drink?” 25 And Moses cried out to the Lord, and the Lord showed a piece of wood to him. And he threw it into the water, and the water became sweet. There he established ordinances and judgments for him, and there he tested him. 26 And he said, “If with hearing you hear the voice of the Lord your God, and you do what is pleasing before him, and you listen to his commandments and carefully keep all of his ordinances, I will not bring all the sickness that I brought upon the Egyptians upon you. For I am the Lord your God, who heals you.” 27 And they arrived at Elim. And there were twelve springs of water and seventy trunks of date palm trees in that place. And they pitched camp there beside the water.

16They set out from Elim, and the whole assembly of the sons of Israel arrived at the wilderness of Zin, which is between Elim and between Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month since they came out of the land of Egypt. 2 The whole assembly of the sons of Israel were muttering against Moses and Aaron. 3 And the sons of Israel said to them, “We ought to have died, smitten by the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat at the kettles of meat and ate food until full, because you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly by starvation!” 4 And the Lord said to Moses, “Look! I will rain food down to you out of the heavens. And the people will go out and gather it from day to day, so that I may test them about whether they will go according to my instruction or not. 5 And it will be on the sixth day and they will prepare whatever they bring in, and it will be twice what they would gather day to day.” 6 And Moses and Aaron said to the whole assembly of the sons of Israel, “At evening you will know that the Lord led you out from the land of Egypt. 7 Then in the morning you will see the glory of the Lord when he hears your murmuring against God! But as for us, what are we that you are muttering against us?” 8 And Moses said, “When the Lord gives you meat to eat in the evening and food in the morning until full, because the Lord has heard your murmuring that you yourselves are muttering against us—but as for us, what are we? For your murmuring is not against us, but rather against God!” 9 And Moses said to Aaron, “Say to the whole assembly of the sons of Israel, ‘Come in before God, for he has heard your murmuring!’” 10 And when Aaron spoke to the whole assembly of the sons of Israel and they turned themselves toward the wilderness, the glory of the Lord appeared in a cloud. 11 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 12 “I have heard the murmuring of the sons of Israel. Speak to them, saying, ‘Toward evening you will eat meat, and in the morning you will be sated with food, and you will know that I am the Lord your God.’” 13 And evening came, and quails went up and covered the encampment; the morning came with dew settling around the encampment. 14 And, look, something fine and small like coriander was on the surface of the wilderness, white like frost upon the land. 15 And seeing it, the sons of Israel said to one another, “What is this?” For they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, “This is the food that the Lord has given to you to eat. 16 This is the instruction that the Lord has ordered: ‘Gather some of this, each one, for those appropriate: an omer per head, according to the number of your persons, each one gather it along with your household members.’” 17 And the sons of Israel did so, and they gathered, some much and another little. 18 And when they measured by the omer, the one with much did not have a surplus, and the one with little did not have a shortage. They gathered, each one, for those appropriate to himself. 19 Moses said to them, “Let no one leave any of it over until the morning.” 20 Nevertheless, they did not pay attention to Moses, but some left over some of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and it stank. And Moses became angry at them. 21 And they gathered it in the morning, but when the sun warmed up, it melted. 22 And it happened on the sixth day that they gathered double the required amount, two omers for each person. And all the rulers of the congregation came in and reported to Moses. 23 And the Lord said to them, “Is this not the word that the Lord spoke? ‘Tomorrow is the Sabbath, a holy rest to the Lord. Whatever you bake, bake, and whatever you boil, boil. And then whatever is left over, leave it for storage until morning.’” 24 And they left behind some of it until morning, just as Moses charged them, and it did not turn foul, nor were there worms in it. 25 And then Moses said, “Eat it today! For today is a time of rest to the Lord. It will not be found in the field. 26 You will gather for six days, but on the seventh day is a time of rest, so that there will be none on it.” 27 And it happened on the seventh day some of the people went out to collect, and they did not find any. 28 And the Lord said to Moses, “How long are you unwilling to listen to my commandments and my law? 29 Look, for the Lord has given you this day. Because of this, on the sixth day he himself has given you food for two days. You shall each one remain at rest in your houses. Let no one go out from his place on the seventh day.” 30 And the people kept Sabbath on the seventh day. 31 And the sons of Israel gave it the name ‘manna.’ And it was white, like a coriander seed, and its taste was like a cake prepared with honey. 32 And Moses said, “This is the word that the Lord charged: ‘Fill up a container with an omer of manna for storage throughout your generations, so that they may see the bread that you ate in the wilderness, when the Lord led you out from the land of Egypt.’” 33 And then Moses said to Aaron, “Take a golden jar and place a full omer of manna into it, and you shall put it before God for preservation for your offspring.” 34 According to the way the Lord commanded Moses, Aaron also put it before God for preservation. 35 And the sons of Israel ate the manna for forty years until they came to the habitation. They ate the manna until they came into the territory of Phoenicia. 36 The omer was a tenth part of the three measures.

17And the whole community of the sons of Israel set out from the wilderness of Zin according to their encampments through the word of the Lord. And they camped in Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink. 2 And the people railed toward Moses, saying, “Give us water so that we may drink!” And Moses said to them, “Why are you railing against me? And why are you testing the Lord?” 3 And the people thirsted there for water, and the people murmured there against Moses, saying, “For what reason have you brought us out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our livestock by thirst?” 4 And then Moses cried out to the Lord, saying, “What will I do with this people? Yet a little more, and they will stone me.” 5 And the Lord said to Moses, “Go before this people, and take along with yourselves some of the elders of the people and your staff by which you struck the river; take it in your hand and go! 6 Here, I will stand there before you, upon the rock at Horeb, and you shall strike the rock, and water will come out of it, and my people will drink.” And Moses did so in the presence of the sons of Israel. 7 And he named the name of that place ‘Trial and Contention’ because of the contention of the sons of Israel and because of their trying the Lord, saying, “Is the Lord among us or not?” 8 And then Amalek came and made war against Israel in Rephidim. 9 And Moses said to Joshua, “Pick mighty men for yourself, and go forth and smite Amalek tomorrow and, look, I will stand on the top of the hill, and the staff of God will be in my hand.” 10 And Joshua did just as Moses said to him. And going forth, he drew up in battle against Amalek, while Moses and Aaron and Hur went up to the top of the hill. 11 And it happened whenever Moses raised up his hands, Israel prevailed, but whenever he lowered his hands, Amalek prevailed. 12 But the hands of Moses became heavy; and they took up a stone and placed it under him, and he sat on it. And Aaron and Hur propped up his hands, one on this side and one on that side, and the hands of Moses were firmly supported until the setting of the sun. 13 And Joshua routed Amalek and all his people by slaughter with the sword. 14 And then the Lord said to Moses, “Write this down for a memorial in a scroll and put it into the ears of Joshua, that I will completely wipe out the remembrance of Amalek from under the heavens.” 15 And then Moses built an altar to the Lord, and he named its name ‘The Lord is my refuge.’ 16 For by a secret hand the Lord is fighting against Amalek from generation unto generation.

18Then Jethro, the priest of Midian, the father-in-law of Moses, heard all the things the Lord did for Israel, his own people. For the Lord had led Israel out from Egypt. 2 And Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, took Zipporah, the wife of Moses, after her release, 3 and her two sons; the name of one of them was Gershom, saying, “I was a sojourner in a foreign land.” 4 And the name of the second was Eliezer, saying, “For the God of my father was my helper and rescued me out of the hand of Pharaoh.” 5 And Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, and his sons and his wife went forth to Moses into the wilderness, where he had encamped near the mountain of God. 6 And it was reported to Moses, saying, “Look, your father-in-law, Jethro, is coming to you, and your wife and your two sons with him.” 7 And Moses went forth to meet his father-in-law and bowed to him and kissed him, and they greeted one another. And he brought him into his tent. 8 Moses explained to his father-in-law everything that the Lord did to Pharaoh and to all the Egyptians for the sake of Israel and all the hardships that had befallen them on the way, and that the Lord rescued them from the hand of Pharaoh and from the hand of the Egyptians. 9 And Jethro was astonished at all the good things that the Lord had done for them, in that he had rescued them from the hand of the Egyptians and from the hand of Pharaoh. 10 And Jethro said, “Blessed is the Lord because he rescued them out of the power of the Egyptians and out of the hand of Pharaoh. 11 Now I recognize that the Lord is greater than all the gods, because of this: they attacked them.” 12 And Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, took whole burnt offerings and sacrifices for God, and Aaron and all the elders of Israel came by to share a meal with the father-in-law of Moses in the presence of God. 13 And it happened after the next day, Moses took his seat to judge the people, and all the people stood around Moses from morning until evening. 14 And Jethro, seeing everything that he did for the people, he said, “What is this that you yourself are doing for the people? On what account are you yourself sitting alone, and all the people are positioned near you from morning until evening?” 15 And Moses said to his father-in-law, “It is because the people come to me to seek out a judgment from God. 16 For whenever a controversy comes about for them, and they come to me, I give judgment for each one, and I inform them of the ordinances of God and his law.” 17 The father-in-law of Moses said to him, 18 “You are not handling this matter properly. You will destroy both yourself and all the people that are with you by unbearable physical exhaustion! This matter is burdensome for you; you will not be able to do it alone. 19 Now, therefore, listen to me, and I will counsel you, and God will be with you. You yourself be for the people the things before God, and you shall bring their matters to God. 20 And you shall inform them of the ordinances of God and his law and indicate for them his ways in which they should conduct themselves in them and the responsibilities that they should carry out. 21 And you yourself search out capable men from all the people, God-fearing men, righteous ones, who hate pride. And you shall set leaders of thousands up over them and leaders of hundreds and leaders of fifty and leaders of ten. 22 And they shall judge the people all the time, but the word that is too much they will present to you, and the smaller matters for judgment they will judge themselves. And they will lighten things up for you, and they will bear the load with you. 23 If you put this process into effect, God will strengthen you. And you will be able to stand, and this entire people will go unto its own place with peace.” 24 And Moses listened to the advice of his father-in-law and put the things that he said to him in place. 25 And Moses chose capable men from all Israel and established them over them as leaders of thousands and leaders of hundreds and leaders of fifty and leaders of ten. 26 And they judged the people all the time, but every word that was too much they brought to Moses, and every minor word they judged themselves. 27 And Moses sent his own father-in-law out, and he went away unto his land.

19And in the third month after the exit of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, on this day they arrived in the wilderness of Sinai. 2 They departed from Rephidim, and they came into the wilderness of Sinai, and Israel encamped there, right before the mountain. 3 Now Moses went up the mountain of God, and God summoned him from the heavens, saying, “This is what you shall say to the house of Jacob and report to the sons of Israel.[10] 4 You yourselves have seen the things that I have done to the Egyptians, and I have brought you up as if on wings of eagles, and I have led you to myself. 5 And now if you listen with hearing to my voice and keep my covenant, you will be my special people of all the nations, for all the earth is mine. 6 And you yourselves will be a royal priesthood to me and a holy nation. These are the words you shall say to the sons of Israel.” 7 And Moses came and said to the elders of the people and set before them all these words, which God commanded him. 8 And all the people answered with one accord and said, “We will do everything that God said, and we will listen.” Then Moses reported these words to God. 9 And the Lord said to Moses, “Look, I myself will come to you in a pillar of cloud, so that the people may hear my speaking to you, and they will trust in you forever.” And Moses announced the words of the people to the Lord. 10 And the Lord said to Moses, “Go down; warn the people and make them holy today and tomorrow, and have them wash their garments. 11 And have them be prepared for the third day, for on the third day the Lord will come down on Mount Sinai, in the presence of all the people. 12 You will designate boundaries all around for the people, saying, ‘As for you, be mindful of going up the mountain and touching any part of it. Anyone who touches the mountain will die by death. 13 No hand will touch him, but he will be stoned by stones, or he will be shot through with an arrow; whether an animal or human, he will not live.’ When the thunders and the trumpets and the cloud depart from the mountain, those will go up the mountain.” 14 And Moses came down from the mountain to the people and made them holy, and they washed their garments. 15 And he said to the people, “Become prepared for three days. Do not go near a woman.” 16 And it happened on the third day, as it was getting toward dawn, thunder and lightning and a dense cloud came upon Mount Sinai; the sound of a trumpet sounded forth strongly, and all the people who were in the encampment were terrified. 17 Moses led the people out from the encampment to meet God. And they took their stand by Mount Sinai. 18 Mount Sinai billowed smoke all over because God had descended upon it in fire, and its smoke went up like the smoke of a furnace, and all the people were very astonished. 19 And the sounds of the trumpet were growing very much stronger. Moses spoke, and God responded to him with a voice. 20 And then the Lord came down upon Mount Sinai, upon the top of the mountain, and the Lord called Moses up to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up. 21 And God spoke to Moses, saying, “Go down; warn the people, in case they come near to God to observe and a multitude of them die. 22 And have the priests who draw near to the Lord God hallow themselves, lest the Lord remove some of them.” 23 And Moses spoke to God, “The people are not able to go up to Mount Sinai, for you yourself informed us, saying, ‘Set boundaries for the mountain and make it holy.’” 24 Then the Lord said to him, “Go on, go down, and come back up, you and Aaron with you. But the priests and the people should not strive to come up to God, in case the Lord destroys some of them.” 25 And Moses went down to the people and spoke to them.

20And the Lord spoke all these words, saying, 2 “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. 3 You shall have no other gods except me. 4 You shall make for yourself no idol or likeness of anything in the heavens above and in the land below and in the waters under the land. 5 You shall not bow down to them or serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, repaying the sin of the fathers upon the children unto the third and the fourth generation to those who hate me, 6 and showing mercy to thousands for those who love me and keep my commandments. 7 You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. For the Lord your God will not acquit the one who takes his name in vain. 8 Remember the Sabbath day, to make it holy. 9 Six days you shall work and do all your work. 10 On the seventh day, there is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. You shall not perform any labor on it, you and your son and your daughter, your male servant and your maidservant, your ox and your beast of burden and any animal of yours, not even a sojourner who is sojourning among you. 11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth and everything in them, and he rested on the seventh day. Because of this the Lord blessed the seventh day and made it holy. 12 Honor your father and mother, so that it may be well for you and so that you may be long-lived upon the good land that the Lord your God is giving to you. 13 You shall not commit adultery. 14 You shall not steal. 15 You shall not murder. 16 You shall not testify falsely against your neighbor with a false testimony. 17 You shall not desire the wife of your neighbor; you shall not desire the house of your neighbor, or his field or his male servant nor his female servant or his ox or his beast of burden, or any animal of his, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.” 18 And all the people were seeing the thunder and the lightning and the sound of the trumpet and the smoking mountain, and all the people stood back terrified at a distance. 19 And they said to Moses, “You yourself speak to us, but do not let God speak to us, so we do not die!” 20 And Moses said to them, “Take courage! For God has come to you to test you, in order that his fear may be among you, so that you do not sin.” 21 The people stood at a distance, and Moses entered into the thick cloud where God was. 22 The Lord said to Moses, “This is what you shall say to the house of Jacob and announce to the sons of Israel: ‘You yourselves have seen that I have spoken with you from the heavens. 23 You shall not make for yourselves gods of silver, and you shall not make for yourselves gods of gold. 24 You shall make an altar out of earth for me, and upon it you shall sacrifice your whole burnt offerings and your peace offerings and the sheep and your young bulls in every location where I may place my name, and I will be there with you, and I will bless you. 25 And if you make an altar for me out of stones, you shall not construct them using dressed stones, for you have used your hand tool on them and they are defiled. 26 You shall not go up to my altar by steps, so that you will not uncover your nakedness upon it.”

21Now these are the ordinances that you will set before them. 2 Whenever you acquire a Hebrew servant, he will serve you six years, but in the seventh year he will go out a free man for nothing. 3 If he comes in alone, then also he will go out alone, but if a wife comes in with him, his wife also will go out with him. 4 But if the master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, his wife and the children will belong to his master, and he himself will go out alone. 5 But if the male servant says in reply, “I have come to love my master and my wife and my children. I do not want to depart a free man,” 6 then his master will bring him to the place of God’s judgment and will bring him up to the door, up to the doorpost, and his master will pierce his ear with an awl, and he will serve him forever.[11] 7 But whenever a person sells his own daughter as a household slave, she will not go out as the slaves go free. 8 If she is not pleasing to her master, who designated her for himself, he will release her on payment of a ransom. But her master is not to sell her to a foreign nation because he rejected her. 9 And if he designates her for his son, he will deal with her according to the ordinance of daughters. 10 And if he takes a different woman, he will not decrease her needful things and clothing and conjugal rights. 11 And if he does not do these three things for her, she will go forth freely, without silver. 12 And if someone strikes someone else and he indeed dies, let him be put to death by death. 13 As for the unwilling person (instead God delivered him into his hands), I will grant you a place where the killer will flee. 14 But if someone attacks his neighbor to kill him treacherously and he flees, you shall take him from my altar to be put to death. 15 The one who strikes his father or his mother should be put to death by death. 16 Whoever kidnaps anyone of the sons of Israel and oppresses and sells him, and he is discovered with him, have him be sentenced to death. 17 The one who verbally abuses his father or his mother will be sentenced to death. 18 And if two men angrily confront each other and one strikes the neighbor with a stone or with a fist, and he does not die but is confined to his bed, 19 if, when he gets up, the person walks around outside on a staff, the one who struck him shall be innocent except that he shall pay for his unemployment and his medical expenses. 20 And if someone strikes his male servant or his female servant with a staff and he dies at his hands, he shall be penalized with a penalty. 21 But if he survives one day or two, he shall not be penalized, for the silver is his. 22 And if two men are fighting and they strike a pregnant woman and her child comes out unformed, he shall suffer a financial penalty; according to whatever the husband of the woman may impose, he shall pay with a judicial assessment.[12] 23 But if her child was formed, he shall pay life for life, 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise. 26 And if someone strikes the eye of his male servant or the eye of his female servant and blinds them, he shall send them out free in place of their eye. 27 And if he knocks out the tooth of the male servant or the tooth of his female servant, he shall send them out free in place of their tooth. 28 And if an ox gores a man or woman and the person dies, the ox shall be stoned with stones, and its flesh will be not eaten, but the owner of the ox shall be free from liability. 29 But if the ox was one that would gore in the recent past and in the distant past, and they warned its owner but he did not destroy it, and it slays a man or woman, the ox shall be stoned, and its owner will die with it. 30 But if a ransom price is placed upon him, he shall pay the ransom price for his life, whatever price they place upon him. 31 And if it gores a son or daughter, they shall deal with him according to this ordinance. 32 And if the ox gores a male servant or female servant, he shall pay thirty drachmas of silver to their owner, and the ox shall be stoned. 33 And if someone leaves a pit opened or digs it out and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34 the owner of the pit shall pay out silver; he will pay their owner, but the dead animal will be his. 35 And if some ox of someone gores the ox of a neighbor so that it dies, they shall sell the living ox, and they will divide up its silver, and they will divide up the dead ox. 36 But if it was pointed out that the ox was a gorer in the recent past and in the distant past, and the owner was warned and did not destroy it, he shall pay ox for ox, but the dead ox will be his.

22And if someone steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters or sells it, he shall pay five oxen in place of the ox, and four sheep in place of the sheep. 2 And if the thief is discovered while breaking into the house, and after being smitten he dies, it is not a murder to him. 3 But if the sun has risen on him, he is guilty. He shall be killed in return. And if the thief has no means, have him be sold to cover his theft. 4 And if he is seized and the stolen thing, whether a donkey or a sheep, is discovered in his hand alive, he shall repay them double. 5 And if a person puts a flock out to graze in a field or a vineyard and lets his livestock loose to graze in another’s field, he shall make compensation from his field according to his own produce. And if he causes his flock to feed upon the whole field, he shall make compensation from the very best of his field and the very best of his vineyard.[13] 6 And if a fire breaks out and finds thorny plants and ignites a threshing floor or stacked grain or a field, the one who lit the fire shall give compensation. 7 And if a person gives his neighbor silver or goods for safekeeping and it is stolen from the house of that person, if the thief is found he shall repay double. 8 And if the thief is not found, the owner of the house shall come forward into the presence of God, and he shall swear whether or not he himself indeed acted wickedly concerning any part of the goods of his neighbor. 9 According to every trespass mentioned, whether for calf, beast of burden, sheep, garment, or any lost thing of which one is accused, whatever then it might be, the judgment of both parties will come before God, and the one condemned through God will pay twofold back to the neighbor. 10 And when a person gives his neighbor a beast of burden or young bull or a sheep or any animal to keep, and it becomes injured or dies, or it becomes captured and no one notices, 11 an oath will be sworn to God between the two persons, whether indeed he did not act maliciously at all with the deposit entrusted to the care of his neighbor, and thus its owner shall accept and not make payment. 12 But if it is stolen from him, the other shall make payment to its owner. 13 But if it was mauled by wild beasts, he shall bring him to the prey, and the other shall not make payment. 14 And when someone requests something from his neighbor and it is injured or dies or is stolen, and the owner was not with it, the other shall make payment. 15 But if the owner was with it, the other shall make payment, but not if he was a hired servant; it will be his for his wages. 16 And if a certain man seduces a not yet betrothed virgin and sleeps with her, he shall pay a bridal price for her with a dowry as his wife. 17 But if her father refuses with a refusal and is unwilling to give her to him as a wife, he shall pay out silver to her father according to whatever is the bridal price of virgins. 18 You shall not procure sorcerers. 19 Anyone who lies with an animal, you shall kill them by death. 20 The one who sacrifices to the gods shall be destroyed by death, except to the Lord alone. 21 And you shall not afflict a stranger and certainly not oppress him; for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. 22 You shall not afflict any widow or orphan. 23 And if you afflict them with affliction, and they call out and cry out to me, I will listen to their voice with hearing. 24 And I will become wrathful with anger, and I will kill you with a sword, and your women will become widows and your children orphans. 25 And if you lend silver to your poor brother among you, you shall not keep pressuring him; you shall not charge him interest. 26 And if you take the garment of your neighbor as a pledge, you will give it back to him before sunset. 27 For this is his only covering; this is the garment covering his shame. What will he sleep in? So if he cries out to me, I will listen to him, for I am compassionate. 28 You shall not verbally abuse gods, and you shall not speak badly of the rulers of your people.[14] 29 You shall not fall short regarding the firstfruits from the threshing floor and your winepress; you shall give me the firstborn of your sons. 30 Do this with respect to your ox and your sheep and your beast of burden: For seven days it shall be with its mother, but on the eighth day you shall give it to me. 31 And you shall be holy men to me, and you shall not eat flesh mauled by wild beasts; you shall throw it to the dog.

23You shall not accept a pointless report; you shall not agree with the person in the wrong and become an unjust witness. 2 You shall not be in the company of the majority in evil things; you shall not proceed with the multitude to turn aside along with the majority, so as to derail a judgment. 3 And you shall not show mercy to a poor man in rendering a judgment. 4 And when you come upon the ox of your enemy or his beast of burden as they are wandering about, you shall turn it back and return it to him. 5 And if you see the beast of burden of your enemy fallen under its load, you shall not pass it by; instead, share the burden with him. 6 You shall not distort judgment of a poor man in his dispute. 7 You shall keep away from any unjust word. You shall not execute the innocent and the righteous, and you shall not justify the godless person for the sake of a gift. 8 And you shall not take a gift, for indeed gifts blind the eyes of those who see, and corrupt righteous words. 9 And you shall not oppress a stranger, for you yourselves have known the life of the stranger, for you yourselves were strangers in the land of Egypt. 10 For six years you shall sow your land and harvest its produce. 11 But in the seventh year, you shall perform a release and leave it unplowed, and your needy people will eat, and the wild animals will eat the remainder. So you shall do with respect to your vineyard and your olive grove. 12 For six days you shall do your work, but on the seventh day there is a time of rest, so that your ox and your beast of burden may rest, and so that the son of your female slave and the sojourner may rest. 13 You shall observe all the things that I have said to you, and you shall not bring the name of other gods to mind; it will not even be heard coming out of your mouth. 14 Three times during the year you shall celebrate a festival to me. 15 You shall take care to observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, just as I commanded you, according to the appointed time of the month of new corn, for in that month you came out of Egypt. You shall not appear before me empty handed. 16 And you shall observe the festival of harvest of the firstfruits of your labors, which you sowed in your field, and the festival of completion at the exit of the year at the assembly of your works that are from your field. 17 Three times during the year every male from among you shall appear before the Lord your God. 18 For whenever I cast out peoples from your presence and I extend your borders, you shall not present the blood of my incense upon leaven, and certainly the fat of my feast shall not remain overnight until morning. 19 You shall carry the firstfruits of your first produce into the house of the Lord your God. You shall not boil a kid in the milk of its mother. 20 And look, I myself am sending out my angel before your face, so that he may watch over you along the way, in order that he may guide you to the land that I have prepared for you. 21 Be mindful of yourself and listen to him, and do not disobey him, for he will certainly not put up with you, for my name is on him. 22 If you listen with hearing to my voice and you do all the things that I command you and keep my covenant, you will be a people special to me from among all the peoples, for all the earth is mine. But you yourselves will be a royal priesthood to me and a holy nation. You will say these words to the sons of Israel: If you listen with hearing to my voice and do everything that I say to you, I will be an enemy to your enemies, and I will be an adversary to those hostile to you. 23 For my angel will go and lead you, and he will bring you to the Amorite and Hittite and Perizzite and Canaanite and Girgashite and Hivite and Jebusite, and I will destroy them. 24 You shall not bow down to their gods, and you will certainly not serve them. You shall not act in accordance with their actions; rather, with taking down you shall take down and with shattering shatter their sacred pillars. 25 And you shall worship the Lord your God, and I will bless your food and your wine and your water, and I will turn disease away from you. 26 There will be no woman who miscarries or a barren woman in your land. I will bring the number of your days to completion. 27 And I will send my fear forth to lead you, and I will amaze all the nations into which you are going into them, and I will make all your enemies into fugitives. 28 And I will send my hornets out ahead of you and drive out the Amorites and Hivites and Canaanites and the Hittites from you. 29 I will not drive them out in one year, so that the land will not become desolate and the wild animals of the land become numerous against you. 30 Little by little I will expel them from your presence until you increase in number, and you will inherit the land. 31 And I will establish your boundaries from the Red Sea up to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness up to the great river Euphrates; and I will deliver the dwellers in the land into your hands, and I will cast them from you. 32 You will not establish a covenant with them and with their gods. 33 And they will not live in your land, so that they do not make you sin against me, for if you serve their gods, these will become a pitfall for you.

24And he said to Moses, “Come up to the Lord, you and Aaron and Nadab and Abihu and seventy of the elders of Israel, and they will worship the Lord from a distance. 2 And Moses alone will draw near to God, but they will not draw near, and the people will not come up with them.” 3 And Moses went and reported in detail to the people all the words of God and the ordinances. All the people answered with one voice, saying, “We will do all the words that the Lord said, and we will obey!” 4 And Moses wrote all the words of the Lord. And Moses, rising early in the morning, constructed an altar at the bottom of the mountain and twelve stones into the twelve tribes of Israel. 5 And he sent young men out from among the sons of Israel, and they brought whole burnt offerings and slaughtered little calves as sacrifices of well-being to God. 6 And Moses, taking half of the blood, poured it into basins, and he poured half of the blood out against the altar. 7 And then, taking the book of the covenant, he read in the hearing of the people, and they said, “We will do everything that the Lord has said, and we will obey!”[15] 8 And Moses, taking the blood, sprinkled it over the people and said, “Look, the blood of the covenant, which the Lord established with you concerning all these matters.” 9 And Moses and Aaron and Nadab and Abihu and seventy of the elders of Israel went up. 10 And they saw the place where the God of Israel stood and what was under his feet just like brickwork of lapis lazuli, and like the appearance of the firmament of the heavens in purity.[16] 11 And not even one of the chosen leaders of Israel was missing, and they appeared in the place of God, and they ate and drank. 12 And the Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me into the mountain and be there, and I will give you the stone tablets, the law, and the commandments that I wrote to instruct them.” 13 And, arising, Moses and Joshua his assistant went up into the mountain of God. 14 And they said to the elders, “Stay right here until we return to you. And look, Aaron and Hur are with you, and if a pressing matter happens to someone, let them go on to them.” 15 And Moses and Joshua went up into the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain. 16 And the glory of God came down on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it for six days, and on the seventh day the Lord called Moses from the middle of the cloud.[17] 17 And the appearance of the glory of the Lord was just like flaming fire on the top of the mountain, before the sons of Israel. 18 And Moses entered the middle of the cloud and went up into the mountain and was there in the mountain for forty days and forty nights.

25And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Say to the sons of Israel: ‘Also take up firstfruits from all to whom it seems right in their heart and you shall receive my firstfruits. 3 Now this is the firstfruits that you shall receive from them: gold and silver and brass, 4 and blue and purple and double scarlet and fine twisted linen and goat’s hair, 5 and rams’ skins dyed red and blue skins and wood that does not deteriorate, 6 and sardius stones and stones for the carving, for the shoulder and the full-length robe. 7 And you shall make a sanctuary for me, and I will appear among you.[18] 8 And you shall make it for me according to everything I show you on the mountain—the pattern of the tent and the pattern of all its vessels. So you will make them.” 9 “And you shall make an ark of testimony from wood that does not deteriorate, two and a half cubits in length and a cubit and a half in width and a cubit and a half in height. 10 And you shall gild it with pure gold; you shall gild it outside and inside with gold, and for it you shall make a raised molding of plaited gold around it. 11 And you shall cast four gold rings for it, and you shall place them on the four sides: two rings on the one side and two rings on the second side. 12 And you shall make carrying poles of wood that does not deteriorate, and you shall overlay them with gold. 13 And you shall insert the poles into the rings that are on the sides of the ark, to carry the ark by them. 14 The carrying poles shall be in the rings of the ark permanently. 15 And you shall place the testimony that I am giving to you into the ark. 16 And then you shall make the mercy seat, a cover of pure gold, two and a half cubits in length and a cubit and a half in width. 17 And you shall make two gold-embossed cherubim, and you shall place them at the two sides of the mercy seat. 18 They will be made one cherub out of this side and one cherub out of the second side of the mercy seat; and you shall make the two cherubim upon the two sides. 19 The cherubim will be spreading out their wings upward, overshadowing the mercy seat with their wings, and their faces toward one another; the faces of the cherubim will be toward the mercy seat. 20 And you shall place the mercy seat upon the ark on top, and you shall place the testimony that I am giving to you into the ark. 21 And from there I will make myself known to you, and I will speak with you from above the mercy seat, between the two cherubim that are over the ark of the testimony, and according to everything I command you for the sons of Israel.” 22 “And you shall make a golden table of pure gold. Two cubits in length and a cubit in width and a cubit and a half in height. 23 And for it you shall make a gold plaited molding around it, and you shall make a crown the breadth of a palm encircling it. 24 And you shall prepare a plaited molding around for its rim. 25 And you shall make four gold rings, and you shall place the four rings on the four corners of its feet under the rim. 26 And the rings will serve as housings for the carrying poles, so the table can be carried by them. 27 And you shall make the carrying poles out of wood that does not deteriorate, and you shall overlay them with pure gold, and the table will be carried by them. 28 And you shall make its dishes and its censers and its libation bowls and cups, which you will offer drink offerings in them. You shall make them of pure gold. 29 And you shall place the bread of the presence on the table in front of me perpetually.” 30 “And you shall make a lampstand out of pure gold; you shall make the lampstand of hammered work; its stem and its branches and its cups and its calyxes and its ornamental petals will be of one piece with it. 31 And six branches will come out of the sides, three branches of the lampstand out of one side and three branches of the lampstand out of the second side. 32 And three cups fashioned like almonds on one branch, knob and flower, thus for the six branches that proceed out the lampstand. 33 And on the lampstand four cups fashioned like almonds on the one branch, knobs and its ornamental petals. 34 A knob under its two branches of one piece with it and a knob under its four branches of one piece with it, thus for the six branches that proceed out of the lampstand. 35 And in the lampstand, four bowls fashioned like almonds. Let the knobs and the branches be of one piece with it; the entire relief from one piece of pure gold. 36 And you shall make its seven lamps, and you shall arrange the lamps, and they will cast light forward together. 37 And you will make its oil vessels and its trays out of pure gold; 38 all these vessels are a talent of pure gold. 39 See that you make everything according to the pattern shown to you on the mountain.

26“Now you shall make the tent using ten curtains of fine linen, twisted and blue and purple, and scarlet twisted yarn; you will make them cherubim in weaver’s work.” 2 The length of the one curtain is eight and twenty cubits, and the one curtain will be four cubits in width. The same measurement will be for all the curtains. 3 Five curtains will be with each other, one next to the other, and five curtains will be joined, one with the other. 4 And you shall prepare for them blue loops on the edge of the first curtain, linked to the first part the connection, and you shall do so on the edge of the outer curtain at the second coupling. 5 You shall prepare fifty loops for the first curtain, and you shall prepare fifty loops linked to the part of the curtain at the second coupling, opposite and corresponding loops to each other at each location. 6 And you shall prepare fifty gold rings, and you shall join the curtains one to the other by the rings, and the tent will be one unit. 7 “And you shall prepare curtains of goat’s hair as a protective covering over the tent. You shall prepare eleven curtains.” 8 The length of each curtain is thirty cubits, and the width of each curtain four cubits; the eleven curtains will have the same measurements. 9 And you shall join five curtains together and the six curtains together, and you shall double the sixth curtain toward the front of the tent. 10 And you shall prepare fifty loops at the edge of the protective leather covering, one at the middle at the coupling, and you shall prepare fifty loops along the edge of the protective leather covering where the second connects. 11 And you will prepare fifty bronze rings, and you will join the rings with the loops, and you will connect the curtains, and it will become one piece. 12 And you shall let the excess of the protective curtains of goat’s hair of the tent hang down; you shall fold it down behind the tent. 13 The cubit from this side and the cubit from that side from what remains of the protective leather coverings from along the length of the protective leather coverings of the tent will serve as a covering on the sides of the tent, on one side and on the other, so that it is concealed. 14 And you shall make a covering for the tent from rams’ skins dyed red and coverings of blue skin on top. 15 “And you shall make pillars for the tent out of wood that does not deteriorate.” 16 You shall make each pillar ten cubits, and the width of each pillar a cubit and a half. 17 Two joints for the one pillar, each corresponding one to the other, so you shall do for all the pillars of the tent. 18 And you shall make pillars for the tent, twenty pillars on the side toward the north. 19 And you shall make forty gold bases for the twenty pillars, two bases for each pillar for both of its joints. 20 And the other side, which faces toward the south, twenty pillars, 21 and their forty gold bases, two bases for each pillar for both of its joints. 22 And from the area behind the tent with respect to the part facing toward the sea, you will make six pillars. 23 And you shall prepare two pillars for the corners of the tent on the back side. 24 And it will be the same below and in the same respect; they will be equal from the heads up to one juncture; so you shall make for both; let them be for the two stabilizing structures. 25 And there will be eight pillars and their silver bases: sixteen; two bases for one pillar for both of its joints and two bases for the other pillar. 26 And you will prepare stabilizing bars of wood that does not deteriorate, five for each pillar on one side of the tent. 27 And five stabilizing bars for the pillar on the one side of the tent and five stabilizing bars for the pillar at the back side of the tent toward the sea. 28 And the central stabilizing bar will pass through between the pillars from one side to the other side. 29 And you shall overlay the pillars with gold, and you shall prepare gold rings, into which you shall insert the stabilizing bars, and you shall overlay the stabilizing bars with gold. 30 And you shall set up the tent according to the pattern shown to you on the mountain. 31 “And you shall make a veil out of blue and purple and scarlet twisted yarn and fine-spun linen; you shall make it a woven work with cherubim.” 32 And you shall place it upon four pillars that do not deteriorate, gilded with gold, and their capitals are to be gold, and their four bases are to be silver. 33 And you shall place the veil upon the pillars, and you shall carry the ark of the testimony in there, into the innermost veil, and the veil will make a separation for you between the holy place and the holy of holies. 34 And you shall cover the ark of the testimony with the veil in the holy of holies. 35 And you shall place the table outside the veil and the lampstand in front of the table on the side of the tent that faces toward the south, and you shall place the table on the side of the tent that faces toward the north. 36 And you shall make a screen out of blue and purple and scarlet twisted yarn and fine twisted linen, the work of an embroiderer. 37 And you shall make five pillars for the screen, and you shall overlay them with gold, and their capitals are to be gold, and you shall cast five bronze bases for them.

27“And you shall prepare an altar out of wood that does not deteriorate, five cubits in length and five cubits in width and three cubits in height.” 2 And you shall construct its horns on its four corners; its horns will be of the same material, and you shall overlay them with bronze. 3 And you shall construct a rim for the altar, and its covering and its bowls and its flesh-hooks and its fire pan and all its implements you shall construct of bronze. 4 And you shall make a grating for it, a worked netting of bronze, and you shall make four bronze rings for the grating under its four corners. 5 And you shall position them under the grating of the altar below, and the grating will extend for half the altar. 6 And you shall construct carrying poles of wood that does not deteriorate for the altar, and you shall overlay them with bronze. 7 And you shall insert the carrying poles into the rings and let the carrying poles be along the sides of the altar with which to carry it. 8 You shall construct it using hollow paneling. According to what was shown to you on the mountain, so you will construct it.” 9 “And you shall construct a court area for the tent. On the side toward the south, the curtains of the court area a hundred cubits in length for the one side; 10 and their twenty pillars and their twenty bases: bronze, and their rings and bands: silver. 11 And likewise for the one toward the east, curtains a hundred cubits in length and their twenty pillars and their twenty bases: bronze, and the rings and the bands of the pillars and their bases overlaid with silver. 12 And along the width of the court area toward the sea, curtains of fifty cubits, along with their ten pillars and their ten bases. 13 And along the width of the court toward the south, curtains of fifty cubits, along with their ten pillars and their ten bases. 14 And the height of the curtains: fifteen cubits for the one side, with their three pillars and their three bases. 15 And the other side: fifteen cubits of curtains in height, with their three pillars and their three bases. 16 And for the gate of the court, a screen of twenty cubits in height, of blue material and purple and scarlet twisted yarn and fine linen twisted through embroidery by an embroiderer, with their four pillars and their four bases. 17 All the pillars of the court will be covered with silver all around, and their capitals of silver and their bases of bronze. 18 And the length of the court area will be a hundred cubits upon a hundred, and the width fifty cubits upon fifty, and five cubits in height, of fine linen twisted and their bases of bronze. 19 And the whole preparation and all the implements and the pegs of the court area: bronze. 20 “And as for you, order the sons of Israel, and have them bring you clear olive oil refined from olives, beaten out for burning as light, so that a lamp may burn perpetually. 21 In the tent of testimony outside the veil that is over the covenant documents, Aaron and his sons will burn it from evening until morning in front of the Lord; it is to be an ordinance forever for your generations among the sons of Israel.”

28“And as for you, bring to yourself Aaron your brother and his sons from the sons of Israel to serve as priests for me: Aaron and Nadab and Abihu and Eleazar and Ithamar, sons of Aaron.” 2 And you shall prepare holy clothing for Aaron, your brother, for honor and glory. 3 And as for you, speak to all those skilled in understanding, whom I have filled with the spirit of perception, and they shall make the holy clothing for Aaron for holiness, by which he will serve as priest to me. 4 “Now these are the garments that they shall make: a breastpiece and a shoulder piece and a full-length robe and a fringed tunic and a turban and a sash. And they shall make sacred garments for Aaron and for his sons to serve as priests for me. 5 And they themselves will receive the gold and the blue and the purple and the scarlet yarn and the fine linen. 6 “They shall make the shoulder piece from twisted fine linen, a work of an embroidery weaver. 7 It shall have two shoulder pieces joined one with the other, fastened at the two corners. 8 And the band of the shoulder pieces that is on it shall match its fabrication from the same material: from gold and blue and purple and scarlet spun yarn and fine twisted linen. 9 And you shall take two stones, emerald stones, and engrave the names of the sons of Israel upon them. 10 Six names upon one stone, and the six remaining names upon the second stone, according to their generations, 11 the work of a skilled stone carver, an engraving on a seal. You shall engrave the two stones upon 12 the shoulders of the shoulder piece; they are memorial stones for the sons of Israel, and Aaron will bear the names of the sons of Israel into the presence of the Lord upon his two shoulders as a memorial concerning them. 13 “And you shall prepare filigrees of pure gold. 14 And you shall prepare two fringes of pure gold variegated by flowers, a braided work, and you shall place these braided fringes upon the filigrees along their shoulder straps in front. 15 “And you shall make an oracle of judgments, the work of an embroiderer. You will construct it according to the design and style of the shoulder piece, out of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet twisted yarn and fine twisted linen. 16 You shall make it square; it will be double, the length of it a span and a span in width. 17 And you shall weave into it woven cloth featuring precious stones in four rows. A row of stones will be sardius, topaz, and emerald, the first row. 18 And the second row, carbuncle, sapphire, and jasper. 19 And the third row, ligure, agate, amethyst. 20 And the fourth row, topaz, beryl, and onyx. Have them mounted in gold and placed together in gold, according to their row. 21 And make the stones be with the names of the twelve sons of Israel, according to their names, engravings on seals, each one according to its name; let them be for the twelve tribes. 22 And you shall make woven fringes for the oracle, a chain work of pure gold. 23 a And Aaron shall take the names of the sons of Israel on the oracle of judgment upon his chest when entering the holy place, as a memorial before God, 24 b and you shall place it upon the oracle of judgment; you shall place the cord-like fringes at the two sides of the oracle, 25 and you shall arrange the two filigrees on both shoulders of the shoulder piece at the front. 26 And you shall place the Unveiling and the Truth into the oracle of judgment and it will be on Aaron’s chest whenever he goes into the holy place, into the presence of the Lord, and Aaron will carry the judgments for the sons of Israel over his breast in the presence of the Lord always. 27 “And you shall prepare an undergarment, full-length, entirely of blue. 28 And the opening will be cut out of it in the middle, having a border around the opening, like a weaver’s work, the connection interwoven of the same material so it will not tear. 29 And you shall prepare under the hem of the undergarment below something like blooming pomegranates, little pomegranates of blue and purple and scarlet spun yarn and twisted fine linen. At the edges around the undergarment, the same image: golden pomegranates, and bells between these, all around. 30 Beside a pomegranate a golden bell and a flower around on the hem of the undergarment. And when Aaron ministers, its sound will be audible when he enters into the holy place before the Lord and when he goes out, in case he dies. 31 “And you shall prepare a thin plate of pure gold and work a seal relief into it: ‘Holiness unto the Lord.’ 32 And you shall secure it with blue twisted yarn, and it shall be on the turban; it shall be toward the front of the turban. 33 And it will be upon the forehead of Aaron, and Aaron will carry away the sin of the holy things that the sons of Israel set aside for any gift of their holy things. And it shall be on the forehead of Aaron at all times, acceptable for them in the presence of the Lord. 34 And the tassels of the tunic: of fine linen. And you shall make a linen turban, and you shall make a sash: embroiderer’s work. 35 And you shall prepare tunics and sashes for the sons of Aaron, and you shall prepare turbans for them for honor and glory. 36 And you shall clothe Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, and you shall anoint them, and you shall fill their hands, and you shall set them apart, in order that they may serve me as priests. 37 And you shall make linen undergarments for them to conceal the shame of their skin; they will reach from the hips to the thighs. 38 And Aaron and his sons will have these things whenever they enter into the tent of the testimony, whenever they go to minister at the holy altar, and they will not bring guilt on themselves, in order that they will not die: an eternal ordinance for him and for his seed after him.”

29“And these are the things that you shall do to them. You shall sanctify them so that they may serve me as priests, and you shall take one little calf from the herd and two rams without blemish,” 2 and unleavened bread, kneaded with olive oil, and unleavened cakes, basted with olive oil; you shall prepare them from fine flour of wheat. 3 And you shall place them into a basket and bring them in the basket, and the little calf and the two rams; 4 and you shall bring Aaron and his sons to the doors of the tent of testimony, and you shall wash them with water. 5 And taking the garments, you shall clothe Aaron, your brother, with the full-length tunic and the shoulder piece and the oracle to the shoulder piece. 6 And you shall place the headband on his head, and you shall place the sanctuary plate upon the headband. 7 And you shall take the anointing olive oil, and you shall pour it upon his head, and you shall anoint him. 8 And you shall bring his sons forward, and you shall clothe them with tunics. 9 And you shall gird them with girdles, and you shall wrap turbans on them, and my priestly office will be theirs forever. And you shall consecrate Aaron, his hands and the hands of his sons. 10 And you shall bring the calf to the doors of the tent of testimony, and Aaron and his sons shall place their hands upon the head of the calf before the Lord beside the doors of the tent of testimony. 11 And you shall slaughter the calf before the Lord beside the entrance of the tent of testimony. 12 And you shall take some of the blood of the calf, and you shall place it on the horns of the altar with your finger, and you shall pour all the rest of the blood beside the base of the altar. 13 And you shall take all the fat attached to the belly and the lobe of the liver and the two kidneys and the fat that is attached to them, and you shall place them upon the altar. 14 But you shall burn the flesh of the calf and its hide and its excrement with fire outside the encampment, for it is a sin offering. 15 And you shall take one ram, and Aaron and his sons shall place their hands upon the head of the ram. 16 And you shall slaughter it, and, taking the blood, you shall pour it out at the altar all around. 17 And you shall cut the ram up limb by limb, and you shall wash its entrails and its feet with water, and you shall arrange the pieces along with the head. 18 And you shall send a whole ram up on the altar, a whole burnt offering to the Lord, as a sweet-smelling fragrance; it will be an incense offering to the Lord. 19 And you shall take the second ram, and Aaron and his sons shall place their hands on the head of the ram. 20 And you shall slaughter it, and you shall take some of its blood, and you shall place it on the lobe of Aaron’s right ear and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot and on the lobes of the right ears of his sons and on the thumbs of their right hands and upon the big toes of their right feet. 21 And you shall take some of the blood from the altar and some of the anointing olive oil, and you shall sprinkle it on Aaron and on his garment and on his sons and on the garments of his sons along with him. And he himself and his garment and his sons and the garments of his sons along with him will be holy, but you shall pour the blood of the ram out before the altar all around. 22 And you shall take its fat from the ram and the fat that covers the belly and the lobe of the liver and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them and the right thigh, for this is for the ratification, 23 and one loaf of bread made with olive oil and a cake from the basket of unleavened bread that is set out before the Lord. 24 And you shall place everything into the hands of Aaron and into the hands of his sons, and you shall set apart a special offering for them before the Lord. 25 And you shall take them from their hands and offer them on the altar of whole burnt offerings as a sweet smell before the Lord. It is a burnt offering to the Lord. 26 And you shall take the breast of the ram of ratification that is Aaron’s, and you shall set it apart as set apart before the Lord, and it will be your share. 27 And you shall set the breast apart as set apart and also the thigh of the separated offering, which has been set apart and which has been separated from the ram of ratification, from the portion of Aaron and from the portion of his sons. 28 And it shall be an ordinance to Aaron and to his sons forever with respect to the sons of Israel, for this is set apart, and it will be a designated offering from the sons of Israel, from the slain offerings of well-being of the sons of Israel, a designated offering to the Lord. 29 And the sanctuary garment, which is Aaron’s, will belong to his sons after him, to anoint them in them and to ratify their hands. 30 The priest will wear them for seven days—the one of his sons to replace him who will enter into the tent of testimony to minister in the sacred things. 31 And you shall take the ram of ratification, and you shall boil the flesh in a holy location. 32 And Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram and the bread in the basket beside the doors of the tent of testimony. 33 They shall eat them by which they were consecrated by them, to ratify their hands, to sanctify them. No foreigner shall eat from it, for it is holy. 34 But if there is any left of the meat of the meat offerings for ordination and of the bread until morning, you shall burn what remains by fire. It shall not be eaten, for it is holy. 35 And so you shall do to Aaron and his sons, according to everything that I commanded you; for seven days you shall ratify their hands. 36 And you shall offer the little calf as a sin offering in the day for purification; and you shall purify the altar as you consecrate on it, and you shall anoint it, for the purpose of consecrating it. 37 You shall purify the altar for seven days and consecrate it, and the altar will be holy of the holy. Anyone who touches the altar will become holy. 38 “Now these are the things you shall do on the altar: year-old lambs without blemish: two per day on the altar continuously, a continuous burnt offering. 39 You shall offer the one lamb in the morning, and you shall offer the second lamb at evening, 40 and a tenth of a measure of fine wheat flour mixed with pure olive oil, a fourth of a hin, and a drink offering, a fourth of a hin of wine, for the first lamb. 41 And you shall offer the second lamb at evening; you will offer it corresponding to the early morning offering and corresponding to its drink offering, a sweet aroma, a burnt offering to the Lord, 42 a permanent offering throughout your generations at the doors of the tent of testimony in the presence of the Lord, where I will make myself known to you from there, so as to talk with you. 43 And I will direct the sons of Israel there, and I will be sanctified by my glory. 44 And I will make the tent of testimony and the altar holy, and I will make Aaron and his sons holy, to serve me as priests. 45 And I will be called upon by the sons of Israel, and I will be their God.[19] 46 And they will recognize that I myself am the Lord God.

30“And you shall make an altar for incense out of wood that does not deteriorate.” 2 And you shall make it the length of a cubit and the width of a cubit. It shall be square, and its height two cubits; its horns shall be of the same piece. 3 And you shall cover it with pure gold, its grate and its sides all around, and its horns; and you shall make a twisted gold molding all around for it. 4 And you shall prepare two pure golden rings below its braided rim along its two sides. You shall construct these on its two sides, and they will be housings for the poles for carrying it by them. 5 And you shall shape poles out of wood that does not deteriorate, and you shall overlay them with gold. 6 And you shall place it in front of the veil that is next to the ark of the testimony, at which I will make myself known to you from there. 7 And Aaron will sacrifice a fine compounded incense upon it every morning; whenever he readies the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it. 8 And whenever Aaron kindles the lamps in the evening, you shall burn incense upon it, incense of perpetuity always before the Lord throughout their generations. 9 And you shall not offer any other incense, burnt offering, or sacrifice upon it; you shall not pour a drink offering upon it. 10 And Aaron will make atonement on behalf of it, upon its horns; once a year he will cleanse it with the blood of purification throughout their generations. It is holy of holies to the Lord.” 11 And the Lord spoke to Moses saying, 12 “Whenever you take a census of the sons of Israel, in the process of numbering them, each one will give a ransom price for his life to the Lord, and there will be no calamity among them during the process of numbering them. 13 And this is what they who pass through the numbering will give: a half of a didrachma, which is according to the sacred didrachma; there are twenty obels per didrachma, but half of a didrachma is the contribution to the Lord. 14 Everyone of twenty years and older who passes through in the numbering will give the contribution offering to the Lord. 15 The rich will not increase and the poor will not decrease the half didrachma when giving his contribution offering to the Lord to make atonement for your lives. 16 And you shall receive the silver for the contribution offering from the sons of Israel, and you shall put it toward the expenses of the tent of testimony, and it will be a memorial for the sons of Israel before the Lord and to make atonement for your lives.” 17 And the Lord spoke to Moses saying, 18 “Make a bronze wash basin and a bronze base for it for washing, and place it between the tent of testimony and the altar, and pour water into it. 19 And Aaron and his sons will wash their hands and their feet with water from it. 20 Whenever they enter into the tent of testimony, they shall wash with water, and they will not die when they proceed to the altar to minister and to offer up whole burnt offerings to the Lord. 21 They shall wash their hands and their feet with water whenever they enter into the tent of testimony; they will wash with water in order that they will not die, and it will be an eternal ordinance for them, for him and for his generations after him.” 22 And the Lord spoke to Moses saying, 23 “And as for you, take sweet spices, select flowering myrrh, five hundred shekels, and half of this amount of fragrant cinnamon, two hundred and fifty shekels, and sweet-smelling reeds, two hundred and fifty. 24 And cassia, five hundred sanctuary shekels, and oil from the olives, a hin. And you shall prepare it a holy oil for anointing, an ointment by the skill of a perfumer; it will be a holy oil for anointing. 25 And you shall anoint the tent of the testimony with it, and the ark of the testimony, 26 and the lampstand and all its utensils, and the tent of testimony and all its vessels, and the altar for burning incense, 27 and the altar of the whole burnt offerings and all its utensils, and the table and all its utensils, and the basin. 28 And you shall consecrate these things, and they will be holy of holies; anyone who touches them will become holy. 29 And you shall anoint Aaron and his sons and set them apart to serve me as priests. 30 And you shall speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘This oil for the purpose of anointing will be holy to you throughout your generations. 31 It shall not be applied on human flesh, and it shall not be made for yourselves in like manner according to this composition; it is holy; and it will be a holy thing for you. 32 Whoever makes anything just like it and whoever gives some of it to a foreigner will be utterly destroyed from his people.’” 33 And the Lord said to Moses, “Take sweet spices, stacte, onycha, sweet galbanum, and clear frankincense for yourself. There will be an equal part for each. 34 And they shall make aromatic incense with it, a work of a perfumer, compounded together, a pure product set apart. 35 And you shall beat the product of these very fine, and you shall place it in front of the testimonies in the tent of testimony, from where I will make myself known to you from there; it will be holy of holies to you. 36 You shall not make the incense according to this composition for yourselves. It shall be a holy offering with respect to you for the Lord. 37 You will destroy from his people whoever makes anything just like it to smell it.”

31And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Look, I have called Bezalel by name, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 3 And I have filled him with a divine spirit for wisdom and for understanding and for craftsmanship in every type of project, 4 to devise creative designs and to be a master workman to work with gold and silver and bronze and blue and purple material and scarlet spun yarn, 5 and in stone carving and in skilled carpentry work with wood to work according to all the tasks. 6 And I myself have given him and Oholiab the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, and I have given understanding to every sagacious heart, so that they will produce everything that I have commanded you: 7 the tent of testimony and the ark of the covenant and the mercy seat, which is upon it, and the accessories of the tent 8 and the altars and the table and all its utensils, and the pure gold lampstand and all its utensils, 9 and the basin and its base, 10 and the ministering garments of Aaron and the garments of his sons to serve me as priests, 11 and the anointing oil, and the incense of the sanctuary composition. They will do according to everything that I myself commanded you.” 12 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 13 “And as for you, charge the sons of Israel, saying, ‘See and you shall observe my Sabbaths; it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations, so that you may know that I, the Lord, am the one who sanctifies you. 14 And you will keep the Sabbaths because this is a holy thing of the Lord for you; the one who profanes it will be put to death by death. Everyone who performs work on it, that person will be utterly destroyed from among his people. 15 For six days you shall perform common labor, but on the seventh day are the Sabbaths, a holy rest for the Lord; anyone who will do labor on the seventh day will be put to death.’ 16 And the sons of Israel shall keep the Sabbaths, doing them throughout their generations; it is an eternal covenant 17 with me and the sons of Israel, an eternal sign with me, because in six days the Lord established the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day he stopped and ceased his work.” 18 And when he had finished speaking to him on Mount Sinai, he gave Moses the two tablets of testimony, tablets of stone inscribed by the finger of God.

32And when the people saw that Moses continued to delay coming down from the mountain, the people pressed Aaron and said to him, “Get up and make gods for us who will go before us! Because this Moses, the man who led us out from Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him.” 2 And Aaron responded to them, “Remove the gold earrings that are in the ears of your wives and daughters and bring them to me.” 3 And all the people took off the gold earrings in their ears and brought them to Aaron. 4 And he took them from their hands and formed them with the engraving tool and made them into a molten calf and announced, “These are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.” 5 And seeing, Aaron constructed an altar right before it, and Aaron proclaimed, saying, “A festival to the Lord tomorrow!” 6 And rising early the next day, they sent up whole burnt offerings and brought sacrifices of well-being, and the people sat down to eat and to drink and got up to play. 7 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Go on quickly from here, go down! For your people, whom you led up out of the land of Egypt, have acted lawlessly. 8 They have quickly turned away from the way which I commanded them. They have made a calf for themselves and have worshiped it and said, ‘These are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.’” 9 And now leave me alone, and I am wrathful with anger against them and I will destroy them, and I will make you into a great nation.” 10 And Moses prayed before the Lord God and said, “For what purpose, O Lord, are you wrathful with anger against your people, whom you have led out of the land of Egypt with great power and with your upraised arm? 11 What if the Egyptians speak, saying, ‘He led them out with an evil intent to kill them in the mountains and to utterly destroy them from the earth’? Stop the anger of your wrath, and be merciful toward the evil of your people. 12 Remember Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, your servants, to whom you swore by yourself and spoke to them, saying, ‘I will multiply your seed by a multitude like the stars of the heavens, and all this land which you claimed to give them, and they will possess it for eternity.’” 13 And the Lord was favorably inclined to preserve his people. 14 And turning away, Moses went down from the mountain. And the two tablets of the testimony were in his hands, tablets of stone, inscribed on both parts of them; they were inscribed on one side and on the other. 15 And the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the very writing of God, engraved on the tablets. 16 And Joshua, hearing the voice of the people crying out, said to Moses, “There is a sound of war in the camp!” 17 And he said, “It is not a sound of those who lead out in might, nor a sound of those who lead out in retreat, but rather a sound of those who lead out in wine that I am hearing.” 18 And when he was drawing near to the camp, he saw the calf and the dancers, and having grown angry with wrath, Moses cast the two tablets from his hands and shattered them at the base of the mountain. 19 And after taking the calf that they had made, he burned it in the fire and ground it to powder and scattered it in the water and made the sons of Israel drink it. 20 And then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people do to you so that you have brought upon them such a great sin?” 21 And Aaron said to Moses, “Do not be angry, lord, for you yourself know the impulsiveness of this people. 22 For they kept saying to me, ‘Make gods for us who will go before us, for this man, Moses, who led us out of Egypt, we do not know what has happened to him.’ 23 And I said to them, ‘If anyone has gold, remove it.’ And they gave it to me, and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf.” 24 And when Moses saw the people, that they were scattered—for Aaron had caused them to scatter, a mockery for their enemies— 25 and Moses stood by the entrance of the camp and said, “Whoever is with the Lord, should come to me.” Therefore all the sons of Levi gathered. 26 And he said to them, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘Each one fasten his own sword upon his thigh, and pass through and turn back from gate to gate throughout the encampment, and each one kill his brother, his kinsman, and each one his neighbor.’” 27 And the sons of Levi acted just as Moses instructed them, and about three thousand men of the people fell on that day. 28 And Moses said to them, “You have ratified the hands today to the Lord, each of you, against his son or his brother, for a blessing to be given upon you.” 29 And it happened with the next day, Moses said to the people, “You yourselves have sinned a great sin, but now I will go up to God, in order that I may make atonement concerning your guilt.” 30 And Moses returned to the Lord and said, “I beg you, O Lord, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made gods of gold for themselves. 31 And now, if you are going to forgive them their sin, forgive! But if not, wipe me out of your book that you have written!” 32 And the Lord said to Moses, “If someone has sinned, I will wipe them out of my book. 33 But you, go on, go down and lead this people into the territory about which I told you. Look, my angel will go ahead of you; and on the day I visit, I will bring their sin upon them.” 34 And the Lord struck the people concerning the production of the calf, which Aaron had made.

33And the Lord said to Moses, “Go, go on up from here, you and your people whom you have led out of the land of Egypt into the land that I swore to Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your seed.’” 2 And I will send my angel along before your face and he will drive out the Amorite and Hittite and Perizzite and Girgashite and Hivite and Jebusite.[20] 3 And I will bring you into a land flowing with milk and honey, for I will certainly not go up with you because of the stiff-necked people that you are, lest I consume you on the way.” 4 And the people, hearing this ominous report, lamented grievously. 5 And the Lord said to the sons of Israel, “You are a stiff-necked people; watch out, lest I myself bring another plague upon you and destroy you! Therefore, remove your splendid garments and ornaments now, and I will show you what I will do to you.” 6 And the sons of Israel took off their ornaments and their adornments from Mount Horeb onward. 7 And Moses, taking his tent, pitched it outside the camp, a long distance from the camp, and it was called ‘tent of testimony.’ And it happened anyone seeking the Lord would go out to the tent, which was outside the camp. 8 And whenever Moses went out to the tent outside the camp, all the people would stand watching, each one beside the doors of his tent, and observe intently from the time Moses departed until he entered into the tent. 9 And whenever Moses entered into the tent, the pillar of cloud came down and stood at the door of the tent, and it spoke with Moses. 10 And all the people were watching the pillar of cloud standing at the door of the tent. And after standing, all the people bowed down, each one from the door of his tent. 11 And the Lord spoke with Moses face to face, just as when a person talks with his own friend. And he would return to the encampment, but the attendant, Joshua, son of Nun, did not go out of the tent. 12 And Moses said to the Lord, “Look, you yourself say to me, ‘Lead this people up,’ but you yourself have not made known to me whom you will send along with me! Yet you said to me, ‘I know you more than any other, and indeed you have favor before me.’ 13 If, therefore, I have found favor before you, show yourself to me, that I may see you clearly, so that I might find favor before you, and that I might know that this great nation is your people.”[21] 14 And he responded, “I myself will go along with you, and I will put you at ease.” 15 And he responded to him, “If you yourself do not go along, do not lead me up from here. 16 And how will it really be known that I have found grace before you, both I and your people, except if you go along together with us? And I will be honored, both I and your people, from all the peoples that are upon the earth.” 17 And the Lord said to Moses, “Indeed, I will do this thing for you, which you have said, for you have found grace before me, and I know you more than any other person.” 18 And Moses said, “Manifest yourself to me!” 19 And God said, “I myself will pass by in front of you in my glory, and I will speak on my name, the Lord, before you, and I will have mercy upon whomever I will have mercy, and I will have compassion upon whomever I will have compassion.” 20 And he said, “You cannot see my face, for a human cannot see my face and live.” 21 And the Lord said, “Look, a place beside me! Stand on this rock. 22 And when my splendor passes by, then I will put you into a cleft of the rock, and I will shelter you with my hand over you until I have passed by. 23 And then I will take my hand away, and then you will see what is behind me, but my face will not appear to you.”

34And the Lord said to Moses, “Carve out for yourself two tablets of stone just like the first ones and come up to me on the mountain, and I will engrave on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets that you shattered.” 2 And get ready for the morning and ascend Mount Sinai and stand there with me on the top of the mountain. 3 And no one should come up with you or appear in all the mountain. And flocks and oxen should not graze next to that mountain.” 4 And he hewed out two tablets of stone just like the first set. And rising early, Moses went up to Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had charged him. And Moses took the two stone tablets along. 5 And the Lord descended in a cloud and stood near him there, and he called out in the name of the Lord. 6 And the Lord passed by right before him, and he called out, “The Lord God, compassionate and merciful, long-suffering and full of mercy and trustworthy, 7 and maintaining righteousness and mercy to thousands, forgiving iniquity and injustices and sin, and he does not acquit the guilty, bringing the iniquity of the fathers upon the children and upon the children of the children, down to the third and fourth generation.” 8 And acting quickly, Moses, bending down to the earth, bowed. 9 And he said, “If I have found favor before you, may my Lord go along with us! For the people is stiff-necked, and you yourself take away our sins and our iniquity, and we will be yours!” 10 And the Lord announced to Moses, “Look, I am setting a covenant in place for you. I will perform wonders in the presence of all your people, which have not occurred anywhere in the earth or among any nations. And all the people among whom you yourself live will see the actions of the Lord, because the things that I myself will perform on your behalf are marvelous. 11 Be mindful, you yourself, regarding everything that I myself have commanded you. Look, I am casting out the Amorite and Canaanite and Perizzite and Hittite and Hivite and Girgashite and Jebusite right before you. 12 Be mindful of yourself, lest you establish a covenant with the dwellers in any land into which you are going into it, that it not become a snare for you among you. 13 You shall take down their altars, and you shall break up their sacred pillars, and you shall cut down their sacred groves, and you shall burn the graven images of their gods in the fire. 14 For you shall certainly not worship other gods, for the Lord God is jealous regarding his name; God is a zealot. 15 What if you establish a covenant with the dwellers on the land and they whore themselves after their gods and sacrifice to their gods and they invite you, and you share their slain offerings, 16 and you take some of their daughters for your sons and give your daughters to their sons, and your daughters whore after their gods, and your sons whore after their gods? 17 And you shall not make molten gods for yourself. 18 And you shall observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, just as I have commanded you, during the appointed time in the month of new corn, for you came out of Egypt in the month of new corn. 19 As for everything that opens the womb, the males are mine, every firstborn of calves and firstborn of sheep. 20 And you shall redeem the firstborn of a beast of burden with a sheep; but if you will not redeem it, you shall pay its value. You shall redeem every firstborn of your sons. You shall not appear before me empty-handed. 21 You shall work six days, but on the seventh you will stop; you will stop in seed time and in harvest time. 22 And you shall observe the Festival of Weeks for me, the firstfruits of the wheat harvest and beginning of gathering in the middle of the year. 23 Three times in the year every male from among you will appear before the Lord God of Israel. 24 For when I cast the nations out right before you, and I expand your boundaries, no one will desire to possess your land when you come up to present yourself before the Lord your God three times in the year. 25 You shall slay no blood of my sacrifices upon leaven, and sacrifices for the feast of Passover shall not remain until the morning. 26 You shall bring the best of the firstfruits of your land into the house of the Lord your God. You shall not present a kid in its mother’s milk.” 27 And the Lord said to Moses, “Write these words down for yourself, for I am establishing a covenant upon these words with you and Israel.” 28 And Moses was there in the presence of the Lord forty days and forty nights. He did not eat food, and he did not drink water, and he wrote these words upon the tablets of the covenant, the ten words. 29 And as Moses came down out of the mountain, and the two tablets were in the hands of Moses; but as he descended from the mountain, Moses did not know that the appearance of the skin of his face began to glow when he spoke to him. 30 And Aaron and all the elders of Israel saw Moses, and the appearance of the skin of his face was radiant, and they were afraid to go near him. 31 And Moses summoned them, and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation turned and came toward him, and Moses spoke to them. 32 And, after these things, all the sons of Israel came out to him, and he commanded them all the things that the Lord commanded him on Mount Sinai. 33 And when he had finished speaking to them, he placed a veil over his face. 34 But whenever Moses would enter into the presence of the Lord to speak to him, he would remove the veil until he came out. And upon going out, he would address all the sons of Israel about whatever the Lord had commanded him. 35 And the sons of Israel saw the face of Moses, that it had become radiant, and Moses replaced the veil on his own face until he entered to talk with him.

35And Moses gathered the whole assembly of the sons of Israel and said, “These are the words that the Lord said to do them. 2 ‘Six days you will perform labor, but the seventh day is a rest, a holy day, Sabbaths of rest to the Lord; let every one who performs labor on it die. 3 You shall not start a fire in any of your dwellings on the day of the Sabbaths; I am the Lord.’ ” 4 And Moses said to the whole assembly of the sons of Israel, saying, “This is the word that the Lord charged, saying, 5 ‘Collect from among you yourselves a designated offering to the Lord. Everyone who is urged in his heart will bring the firstfruits to the Lord, gold, silver, and bronze, 6 blue, purple, scarlet, double spun fine twisted linen, and goat’s hair, 7 and rams’ skins dyed red and blue skins and wood that does not deteriorate, 8 a and sardius stones and stones for the engraving in the shoulder piece and the full-length robe. 9 And everyone among you wise in heart, when he comes, let him construct everything that the Lord has commanded: 10 the tent and its curtains and its curtain rings and its stabilizing bars and its pillars, 11 and the ark of the testimony and its carrying poles and its mercy seat and its veil, 12 and the curtains of the court and its pillars 13 and its stones of emerald, 14 and the incense and the olive oil of anointing, 15 and the table and all its implements, 16 and the lampstand for light and all its utensils, 17 and the altar and all its implements, 18 and the sacred garments for Aaron, the priest, and the garments in which they minister in them, 19 and the tunics of the priesthood for the sons of Aaron, and the anointing olive oil, and the incense of the composition.’ ” Israel Responds with Tent Offerings 20 Then the whole gathering of the sons of Israel went out from Moses. 21 And each one of those whose heart prompted, and for those it seemed good in their person, offered up tribute, and they brought the tribute to the Lord for all the work of the tent of testimony and to cover all its costs and for all the holy garments. 22 And the men, along with the women, brought everything that seemed good in their mind. They brought signet seals and earrings and rings and necklaces and right arm bracelets, all kinds of implements of gold; and so everyone brought items of the best gold to the Lord. 23 And they brought skins dyed blue and rams’ skins dyed red from whoever was found to have them. 24 And everyone who raised the tribute brought silver and bronze, the choicest tributes to the Lord. And if anyonea owned wood that does not deteriorate, they also brought it for all the projects for the entire construction. 25 And every woman who was wise in the mind to spin with their hands brought spinnings, blue and purple, and scarlet and fine linen. 26 And all the women to whom it seemed good in their mind, they spun goat’s hair with their wisdom. 27 And the rulers brought the emerald stones and the stones for setting into the shoulder piece and the oracle, 28 and the compositions and the anointing olive oil, and the compositions for the fragrant incense. 29 And every man and woman whose mind carried them to enter and do all the projects that the Lord charged them to do through Mosesthe sons of Israel brought offerings to the Lord. The Tent Craftsmen 30 And Moses announced to the sons of Israel, “Look, God has called Bezalel out by name, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 31 And the spirit of wisdom and of understanding and all manner of craftsmanship has filled him 32 to be a master craftsman for all the projects of construction, to work with gold and silver and brass, 33 and to work in stone, and to shape wood, and to work in every project of skilled workmanship. 34 And indeed he has given him to teach in his mind both him and Oholiab the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. 35 He has given them wisdom and understanding of mind, to understand how to do the works of the sanctuary, and to weave the weavings and embroideries with scarlet and fine linen, to do all the works of embroidered workmanship.”

36“And Bezalel and Oholiab and every one wise in the mind to whom wisdom was given, and understanding was in them to understand how to do all the works for the holy things as assigned, will do according to everything which the Lord commanded.” 2 And Moses summoned Bezalel and Oholiab and all those having wisdom, to whom God gave understanding into each one’s heart, and all those who wanted to get started with the works, so that they could complete them. 3 And from Moses they received all the offerings that the sons of Israel brought for all works of the sanctuary, to do those works. And they themselves still continued to donate from those who brought offerings in the morning. 4 And all the wise who were doing the sanctuary work were coming, each one corresponding to his work that they were doing. 5 And he said to Moses, “The people are bringing an abundance for the works that the Lord has commanded to do.” 6 And Moses ordered and proclaimed in the encampment, saying, “Man and woman should no longer work toward the firstfruits of the sanctuary!” And the people were prevented from bringing any more. 7 So their works were sufficient for doing the preparation and they left it behind. Making the Priestly Garments 8 aAnd everyone wise among the workers made the garments of the holy things, which were for Aaron the priest, just as the Lord commanded Moses. 9 And he made the shoulder piece of gold and blue and purple and spun scarlet and twisted fine linen. 10 And the leaves were prepared with gold thread so as to be woven with the blue and the purple and the spun scarlet and with the twisted fine linen; they made it a woven work. 11 The shoulder pieces fastened together at both sides, a woven work, twisted into each other, matching itself. 12 They made it of the same material, from gold and blue and purple and spun scarlet and fine twisted linen, just as the Lord commanded Moses. 13 And they made both of the emerald stones, intricately fastened together and embroidered all around and carved with a carving of a seal from the names of the sons of Israel. 14 And he placed them on the shoulders of the shoulder piece as memorial stones to the sons of Israel, just as the Lord commanded Moses. Making the Oracular Breastpiece 15 And they made an oracle, a woven work, embroidered matching the work of the shoulder piece, of gold and blue and purple and spun scarlet and fine twisted linen. 16 They made the oracle a doubled square, a span in length and a span in width, doubled. 17 And woven cloth was woven with it with precious stones in four rows: a row of stones with sardius and topaz and emerald was the first row. 18 And the second row: carbuncle and sapphire and jasper. 19 And the third row: ligurian stone and agate and amethyst. 20 And the fourth row: topaz and beryl and onyx, set in gold and bound together by gold. 21 And the stones were from the names of the twelve sons of Israel, with their names inscribed, on seals, each one with his own name for the twelve tribes. 22 And they made plaited fringes on the oracle, a braided work of pure gold. 23 And they made two gold filigrees and two gold rings 24 and placed the two gold rings on each of the outer edges of the oracle. 25 And they placed the braided works of gold on the rings at both upper corners of the oracle. And they placed the two braided works at the two junctures, 26 and they fastened them to the two filigrees, and they attached them at the shoulders of the shoulder piece at opposite positions, toward the front. 27 And they made two gold rings, and they attached them at the two flaps at the top of the oracle and at the top of the back part of the shoulder piece, inside. 28 And they made two gold rings, and they attached them at both shoulder positions of the shoulder piece. 29 And he fastened the oracle with the rings on it to the rings of the shoulder piece, fastened together by woven blue material into the woven cloth of the shoulder piece, so that the oracle would not get loose from the shoulder piece, just as the Lord charged Moses. Making the Other Priestly Garments 30 And they made the undergarment under the shoulder piece, a work woven entirely of blue. 31 And the opening of the undergarment in the middle was woven together, having an untearable collar all around its edge. 32 And on the edge of the undergarment below they made something like a pomegranate tree blooming with pomegranates, out of blue and purple and spun scarlet and fine twisted linen. 33 And they made gold bells and attached the bells to the border of the undergarment all around, in between the pomegranates; 34 a gold bell and a pomegranate were on the fringe of the undergarment all around for ministering, just as the Lord charged Moses. 35 And they made tunics of fine linen, a woven work for Aaron and for his sons, 36 and the caps from fine linen and the headband from fine linen and the undergarments from fine twisted linen, 37 and their sashes from fine linen and blue and purple and spun scarlet yarn, embroiderer’s work, the way the Lord charged Moses. 38 And they made the gold plate, which was set apart for the sanctuary, of pure gold. 39 And he engraved writings in relief on it, as on a seal: “Holy to the Lord.” 40 And they placed it on the blue hem so that he might place it on the headband from above, the way the Lord prescribed to Moses.

37And they made ten curtains for the tent. 2 The length of one curtain was twenty-eight cubits; they were all the same. And the width of one curtain was four cubits. 3 bAnd he made the veil from blue and purple and spun scarlet and twisted fine linen, woven work with cherubim. 4 And they attached it to four pillars that do not deteriorate, overlaid with gold, and their capitals were gold, and their four bases were silver. 5 And they made the veil of the entrance of the tent of testimony out of blue and purple and spun scarlet and twisted fine linen, woven work with cherubim. 6 And they covered their five pillars and the rings and their capitals with gold, and the five bases were of bronze. 7 And they made the court, with the curtains of the court toward the south from fine twisted linen, one hundred by one hundred cubits, 8 and their twenty pillars and their twenty bases. 9 And the side toward the north, one hundred by one hundred cubits; and the side toward the south, one hundred by one hundred cubits, and their twenty pillars and their twenty bases. 10 And the side toward the sea, the curtains fifty cubits; their ten pillars and their ten bases. 11 And the side facing the sun, curtains of fifty cubits along the backside,d 12 and their three pillars and their three bases. 13 And at the second backside, on this side and the other, beside the entrance of the court, curtains of one hundred and fifty cubits, their pillars three and their bases three. 14 All the curtains of the tent were made out of twisted fine linen. 15 And the bases of their pillars were of bronze and their hooks were of silver and their capitals were overlaid with silver, and the pillars were overlaid with silver, all the pillars of the court. 16 And the veil of the entrance of the court was embroiderer’s work, made of blue and purple and spun scarlet and fine twisted linen, twenty cubits in length and in height, and five cubits in width, the same as for the curtains of the court. 17 And their four pillars and their four bronze bases and their silver hooks and their capitals were overlaid with silver. 18 And these were overlaid with silver, and all the pegs all around the court were of bronze. Materials for the Tent 19 And this was the arrangement of the tent of testimony, according to the directions given to Moses, that the service was to be for Levites through Ithamar the son of Aaron, the priest. 20 And Bezalel the son of Uri, from the tribe of Judah, did just as the Lord charged Moses, 21 also Oholiab the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, the one who was master workman for the weaving and the embroidery and needle work and weaving with scarlet and with fine linen.

38And Bezalel made the ark. 2 And he gilded it with pure gold inside and outside. 3 And he cast four rings of gold for it, two on one side and two on the second side, 4 wide enough for the carrying poles, to carry it with them. 5 And he made the mercy seat on top of the ark out of gold, 6 and the two cherubim of gold, 7 one cherub on the top of the mercy seat and one cherub on the top of the mercy seat, 8 overshadowing the mercy seat with their wings. Making the Table for the Bread of the Presence 9 And he made the table of presentation out of pure gold. 10 And he cast four rings for it, two on one side and two on the second side, wide enough to carry it with the carrying poles in them. 11 And he made the carrying poles for the ark and for the table, and he covered them with gold. 12 And he made the implements for the table, the dishes and the censers and the cups and the libation bowls, by which he will pour in them, with gold. 13 And he made the gold lampstand, which sends forth light, 14 the stem solid and the branches of the candlesticks coming out of both parts of it. 15 Shoots were coming out of its branches, three out of this side and three out of that side, equal to each other; 16 and their lamps, which are at the tops, almond-like flowers came out of them, and small openings pointing out of them, so that the lamps would be toward them, and the seventh small opening at the top of the small lamp upon the very top was entirely of solid gold; 17 and seven lamps upon it were of gold, and its snuffers were gold, and their oil vessels were gold. More Tent Materials 18 This man overlaid the pillars with gold, and he cast the pillar rings of gold, and he gilded the bars with gold and gilded the pillars for the veil with gold, and he made their hooks of gold. 19 This man also made the tent rings of gold and the court rings and rings for stretching out the veil above of bronze. 20 This man cast the capitals of gold for the tent and the capitals of bronze for the door of the tent and the gate of the court, and he made silver hooks for the pillars to place upon the pillars; this man overlaid them with silver. 21 This man made both the pegs for the courtyard of bronze. 22 This man made the bronze altar from the bronze censers that belonged to the men who rebelled along with the rabble stirred up by Korah. 23 This man made all the implements for the altar and its censer and its base and the bowls and the bronze flesh-hooks. 24 This man made a latticework appendage for the altar below the censer, under it up to the middle of it, and he attached four rings to it from the four parts of the appendage of the bronze altar, its bars wide enough so that they can lift the altar by them. 25 This man made the holy anointing olive oil and the composition for the fragrant incense, a pure perfumer’s work. 26 This man made the bronze basin and its base of bronze from the mirrors of the fasting women, who fasted beside the doors of the tent of testimony on the day he set it up. 27 And he made the basin so that Moses and Aaron and his sons could wash their hands and feet out of it whenever they enter into the tent of testimony or whenever they go to the altar to minister; they will wash themselves from it, just as the Lord charged Moses

39All the gold that was employed in the work, throughout the entire production of the holy things, was from the firstfruits of gold, twenty-nine talents and seven hundred and twenty shekels, according to the holy shekel. 2 And the tribute of silver from those men who were numbered from the gathering was a hundred talents and one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels, one drachma per head, half a shekel according to the holy shekel. 3 Every person who passed through the inspection from twenty years and over, up to six hundred thousandf and three thousand five hundred and fifty. 4 And the hundred talents of silver were used for the casting of the hundred capitals for the tent and for the hundred capitals of the veil, 5 a hundred capitals for the hundred talents, a talent for each capital. 6 And they made the one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels into hooks for the pillars, and he gilded their capitals and adorned them. 7 And the brass of the tribute was seventy talents and one thousand five hundred shekels. 8 And from these he made the bases for the entrance of the tent of testimony, 9 and the bases for the gate all around, and the bases for the entrance of the courtyard, and the pegs of the tent and the pegs of the courtyard all around, 10 and the bronze appendage for the altar, and all the implements for the altar, and all the implements of the tent of testimony. 11 And the sons of Israel did just as the Lord had commanded Moses, so they did. 12 And they made the remaining gold of the tribute into various implements for ministering with them before the Lord. 13 And they made the left over materials, blue material and purple material and scarlet yarn, into ministry garments for Aaron, for ministering in them in the sanctuary. Moses Inspects the Tent 14 g And they brought the garments to Moses, and the tent and its various implements and its bases and its bars and its pillars, 15 and the ark of the covenant and its carrying poles, 16 and the altar and all its implements, and the olive oil for anointing, and the incense from the specially compounded ingredients, and the pure lampstand 17 and its lamps, lamps for burning, and the olive oil for the light, 18 and the table of presentation and all its various implements and the bread of presentation, 19 and the holy garments, which were for Aaron, and the garments for his sons for the priestly office, 20 and the curtains for the courtyard, and the pillars and the veil for the door of the tent and for the entrance for the courtyard 21 and all the implements of the tent and all its instruments, and the skins, rams’ skins dyed red, and the veils and curtains of blue skin, and the rest of the coverings, and the pegs and all the instruments that are for the work for the tent of testimony. 22 What the Lord commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel made all the furnishings. 23 And Moses saw all the works, and they had made them the way the Lord had commanded Moses; so they produced these things, and Moses blessed them.

40And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “On the first day of the first month, at the new moon, you shall set up the tent of testimony. 3 And you shall screen off the ark of testimony with the veil. 4 And you shall carry the table in and set its presentation display out, and carry the lampstand in, and set its lamps up. 5 And you shall place the gold altar for burning incense before the ark, and you shall place a covering veil at the door of the tent of testimony. 6 a And you shall place the altar for burnt offerings beside the door of the tent of testimony. And you shall set up all around the tent, and you shall consecrate all its parts all around. 7 And you shall take the anointing olive oil, and you shall anoint the tent and everything in it, and you shall sanctify it and all its implements, and it will be holy. 8 And you shall anoint the altar for the burnt offerings and all its implements, 9 and you shall set aside the altar, and it will be holy of holies. 10 b And you shall bring Aaron and his sons forward to the doors of the tent of testimony, and you shall wash them with water. 11 And you shall clothe Aaron with the sacred garments, and you shall anoint him, and you shall set him apart to minister to me as priest. 12 And you shall bring his sons forward, and you shall clothe them with tunics. 13 And you shall anoint them the way you anointed their father, and they shall serve me as priests. And this will be so that the anointing for priesthood will be theirs for eternity throughout their generations.” 14 And Moses did all the things that the Lord had commanded him; so he did them. 15 And it happened in the first month in the second year after they came out of Egypt, at the new moon, the tent was erected. 16 And Moses erected the tent and he set the bases in place and installed its stabilizing bars and set up its pillars. 17 And he stretched the curtains out over the tent and he attached the covering of the tent to it on top, just as the Lord had commanded Moses. 18 And, taking the testimony, he placed it in the ark and inserted the carrying poles under the ark. 19 And he brought the ark into the tent and he attached the covering of the veil. And he screened off the ark of the testimony, the way the Lord had commanded Moses. 20 And he set up the table in the tent of testimony on the side of the tent of testimony toward the north, outside of the veil of the tent, 21 and he placed the bread of presentation upon it before the Lord, the way the Lord had commanded Moses. 22 And he placed the lampstand in the tent of testimony on the side of the tent toward the south. 23 And he set its lamps in place before the Lord, the way the Lord had commanded Moses. 24 And he placed the gold altar in the tent of testimony in front of the veil. 25 And he sacrificed the incense of the composition upon it, just as the Lord had commanded Moses. 26 And he set up the altar for the burnt offerings at the entrance of the tent, 27 and he set up the court area all around the tent and the altar; and Moses completed all the works. The Glory of the Lord 28 And the cloud enveloped the tent of testimony, and the tent was filled with the glory of the Lord. 29 And Moses was unable to enter the tent of testimony because the cloud was overshadowing it, and the tent was filled with the glory of the Lord. [22] 30 But whenever the cloud lifted from the tent, the sons of Israel journeyed, taking along their goods. 31 And if the cloud did not go up, they did not set out until the day when the cloud lifted. 32 For the cloud was upon the tent by day, and fire was upon it by night, in the presence of all Israel during all their travels.