Horvat Teiman
Ancient Near East · c. 800 BCE
A collection of Hebrew inscriptions discovered at Kuntillet ʻAjrud (Horvat Teiman), a remote desert way-station in the northern Sinai dated by ceramic stratigraphy and radiocarbon to the late 9th century BCE. The site preserves several blessing formulas inscribed on storage jars (pithoi) and stone vessels naming “Yahweh of Samaria” and “Yahweh of Teman” in consort with Asherah, alongside references to El and Baal. A fragmentary theophany text written in ink on plaster wall fragments describes Yahweh shining forth in earthquake with mountains melting, paralleling the archaic theophany hymns preserved in Judges 5, Deuteronomy 33, Habakkuk 3, and Psalm 68.
1I bless you by Yahweh of Samaria and his asherah.
2Utterance of Amaryaw: Say to my lord: Is it well with you? I bless you by Yahweh of Teman and his asherah. May He bless you and may He keep you, and may He be with my lord.[1]
3in earthquake. And when God shines forth in the [heights ... YHWH ...[2] the mountains will melt, the hills will crush [... the earth. The Holy one over gods [... prepare (yourself) to bless Baal on the day of war ... To bless the name of El on the day of war ...
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