4Q525

Beatitudes

Dead Sea Scrolls · 50 B.C.E. - 25 B.C.E.

Based on the text provided by Martin G. Abegg Jr., James E. Bowley, and Edward M. Cook (CC BY-NC 4.0)

The title given to this piece of wisdom poetry, consisting of fifty mostly small fragments palaeographically dated to the second half of the first century BCE, derives from the repeated use of ‘Blessed’, modeled on Psalm 1:1, and recalling the Beatitudes of the New Testament.

Fragment 1

1 [… which he] spoke in the wisdom that God gave him […] 2 [… to know] wisdom and [discipline], to give insight […] 3 […] … to increase … […]

Fragments 2 i+3

4 [… her] ways 5 […] …

Fragments 2 ii+3

1 [1]with a pure heart, and does not slander with his tongue. Blessed are those who hold fast to her statutes and do not hold fast 2 to the ways of iniquity. Blessed are those who rejoice in her and do not pour themselves out in the ways of folly. Blessed are those who seek her 3 with clean hands and do not search for her with a deceitful heart. Blessed is the person who has attained wisdom and walks 4 in the Torah of the Most High, and sets his heart on her ways, and restrains himself by her disciplines, and is always content with her blows, 5 and does not abandon her in the affliction of [his] testing, and in the time of distress does not forsake her, and does not forget her [on the day of] dread, 6 and in the humbling of his soul does not loathe [her.] For on her he meditates always, and in his distress he ponders [her, and in all] 7 his existence [he gives heed] to her, [and he sets her] before his eyes, so as not to walk in the ways of […] 8 […] … together, and his heart is perfect toward her […] 9 [… and a crown of pure gold she sets on] his [head], and with kings she [seats him …] 10 [… with] his scepter over [uprightness, and among] brothers he separates […] 11 […] 12 [… And] now, sons, [listen to discipline, and do] not turn aside […] 13 […] … the evil of […] … […] 14 […] … […]

Fragment 2 iii

1 can equal her all the day […] 2 [2]she cannot be bought with gold or [with silver … or] 3 with all precious stones […] 4 they are like him in the form of his face […] 5 and purple blossoms with [… and] 6 scarlet with all the garments of […] 7 and with gold and pearls and […]

Fragment 4

1 […] … […] 2 […] all … […] 3 […] among the priests of […] 4 […] … and … […]

Fragment 5

1 […] … […] 2 [… do not forsake] her in the time of distress […] 3 […] … her trial and … […] 4 […] … […] 5 [And now … in] purity walk […] 6 […] in truth. Do not seek her with an [evil] heart […] 7 her ways [… listen.] Do not seek her with a deceitful heart, and in the statutes of [… do not] 8 abandon your portion to strangers, or your lot to foreigners. For the wise […] 9 give insight with sweetness. Those who fear God keep her ways and walk in […] 10 her statutes, and her reproofs they do not reject. The discerning draw out […] 11 Those who walk in perfection turn aside iniquity, and her disciplines they do not reject […] 12 they bear. The prudent dig out her ways, and in her depths they … […] 13 they look. Those who love God walk humbly in her, and in the ways of […]

Fragment 6 i

2 […] … 3 […] 4 […] … 5 […] …

Fragment 6 ii

1 an answer, and from zeal without […] 2 so as not to understand; from a spirit that leads [astray … so as not] 3 to know; from a spirit that dilutes … […] 4 with softness, and causing stumbling without [… without] 5 a sure thing, and bringing out without [… without] 6 pride, and raising up, not […] 7 […] … […]

Fragment 7

1 [… and] honoring [without …] 2 […] without a sure thing and […] 3 […] … a mouth without […] 4 […] from an inclination of plans […] 5 […] from a troubled spirit […]

Fragment 8

1 [… and] keeping without … […] 2 […] from the flow of the breath of [her] lips […] 3 […] a destroying judgment […] 4 […] wealth … […]

Fragment 9

1 […] … […] 2 [… from a] spirit that exalts itself […] 3 […] devouring without […] 4 […] roaming […] 5 […] from a spirit […] 6 […] … […]

Fragment 10

1 […] … number, and there is no […] 2 […] 3 [… And now,] pay attention to me, all you sons of … […] 4 […] and humility and uprightness, and for sin and for perfection […] 5 [… the judgment of] enemy and friend. And no flesh is righteous before […] 6 [… if] you do good he will do good to you, and you will [not] return […] 7 […] all [Israel], the evil of [humankind …]

Fragments 11-12

1 […] and abundant peace, with all [everlasting] blessings […] 2 [… with] a robe of majesty for all who hold fast to me […] 3 [… for all who walk] perfectly in all my ways, and for all […] 4 […] with all the spirits […] 5 […] … […]

Fragment 13

1 […] and from their mouth […] 2 [… you will] inherit; to those of evil eye you will give […] 3 […] they bear a grudge, to shed blood in … […] 4 […] pride you will inherit, and in her inward parts […] 5 […] all who inherit her […] 6 [… And now,] listen to me, all you [sons of …]

Fragment 14 i

1 […] 2 [… the] land 3 […] … 4 […] 5 […] … 6 […] … 7 […] 8 [… suddenly] 9 […] 10 [… your soul] 11 […] 12 […] your form 13 […] soul 14 […] your … 15 […] heart 16 […] … 17 […] your … 18 […] 19 […] 20 […] 21 […] 22 […] … 23 […] … 24 […] 25 […] you 26 [… your inheritance] 27 […] … 28 […]

Fragment 14 ii

1 […] … your inheritance in … […] 2 on a throne of iniquity, and on the high places of [their] assembly […] 3 in their heart, and they will lift up your head […] 4 you will be praised, and at your word they will grow strong […] 5 in all majesty, and desirable in all […] 6 an affliction in your ways. You will not totter […] 7 you will be blessed. In the time when you stumble you will find [support …] 8 and the reproach of one who hates you will not come upon you, and […] 9 together, and those who hate you will stand at the threshold […] 10 your heart, and you will delight in God when they flatter [… and he will bring your foot out] 11 into a wide place, and on the high places of your enemies you will tread, and [you will love God with all your heart and with all] 12 your soul. And he will rescue you from all evil, and dread will not come upon you … […] 13 he will give you as an inheritance. He will fill your days with good, and in abundant peace you will [walk …] 14 you will inherit glory. And when you are gathered to eternal rest, [all …] will inherit [it …] 15 and in your teaching all who know you will walk together … […] 16 together they will mourn, and in your ways they will remember you. And you were [good …] 17 […] 18 And now, you who understand, listen to me, and set your heart on the [words of my mouth …] 19 Bring forth knowledge for your inmost self, and in your body meditate […] 20 With righteous humility bring out [your] words, [and do] not give [… do not] 21 answer back at the words of your friends, lest he prepare for you […] 22 And according to what you hear, answer accordingly. Beware of what goes out in it [… And do not] 23 pour out a complaint before you hear their words. [Pay attention …] 24 greatly. First hear what they say, and afterward answer with [the words of … and with] 25 patience bring them out. And answer correctly in the midst of princes, and … […] 26 with your lips. And guard greatly against a slip of the tongue … […] 27 lest you be caught by your lips [and] snared together by the tongue […] 28 words of folly [that are abominations] to me, and they are twisted […]

Fragment 15

1 [… darkness,] gloom … […] he gathers poverty, and in [scarcity …] 2 […] asps in [… and] you go to him. You will enter … […] 3 […] a fiery serpent, and with anguish an asp will be raised on high […] 4 […] … in it they take their stand: everlasting curses and the venom of serpents […] 5 […] a viper. And in it fly the flames of death; at its entrance you will step […] 6 [… he will give] you as an inheritance. Its foundation is flames of brimstone, and its base is fire […] 7 [… its doors] are disgraceful reproaches; its bolts are the fasts of the pit […] 8 […] they will not reach the paths of life. You will [enter …] 9 […] those wounded by the fiery [serpent will] die […]

Fragment 16

1 … […] 2 you set up camp […] 3 by it the discerning went astray […] 4 and snares they [hid … a man of] 5 blood they put [to death …] 6 with unfaithfulness and oppression […] 7 a house and doors […]

Fragment 17

1 […] … […] 2 […] his … coal […] 3 […] … they are full of lies […] 4 [… the] venom of a serpent you have melted […] 5 […] a man around … […] 6 […] in the brightness of [light] and … […] 7 […] … […] 8 […] … […]

Fragment 18

1 […] you will be snared […] 2 […] with the abominations of […] 3 […] … you arose […] 4 […] and with impurity of [heart …]

Fragment 19

1 […] those born […] 2 [… there] will be joy […] 3 […] … of God […] 4 […] the hostility […] 5 [… for this] iniquity […] 6 […] … […]

Fragment 20

1 […] … and at the head […] 2 […] … for those who walk on the way […] 3 [… you] will proclaim [peace], and to make heard […]

Fragment 21

1 [… dark] places, and … […] 2 […] those denounced by God … […] 3 [… the] wicked you will make them hear […] 4 […] … […] and you will choose depravity […] 5 […] … in it they exalt themselves and walk […] 6 […] … who wallow in the mud […] 7 […] … its source is a source of […] 8 [… in the] gathering of wrath, and in long [patience …] 9 […] sure, and indignation […]

Fragment 22

1 […] … […] … […] 2 [… you who do] depravity, come to me … […] 3 […] … they grumbled together and … […] 4 [… the] wicked wallow. Do they not […] 5 [… in] his chambers I will gather wrath […] 6 […] they will return, and in … […]

Fragment 23

1 My inward parts are seized before God […] 2 I wander, and on the day that is decreed […] 3 and to go down to the depths of the pit, and to … […] 4 in the furnace of wrath. For I am wise [… as] 5 God commanded, among men of prudence […] 6 around them, away from the knowledge of wisdom […] 7 he overturned, lest they meditate on the words of […] 8 I loathed, and among men of mockery […] 9 righteousness, and like a rock of [stumbling …] 10 for God has denounced me […] 11 [… and a] word … […]

Fragment 24 i

6 […] … 7 […] … 8 […] …

Fragment 24 ii

1 [… and the] discerning one, she pours out her word […] 2 heart, give ear to me, and deceit [… which] 3 I have established, and drink the water of [a cistern … for] 4 my house is a house of … […] 5 my house. One who dwells in … […] 6 forever. They will march […] 7 those who gather it will collect […] 8 a fiery serpent. And all who drink … […] 9 a well, the water of a [spring …]

Fragment 25

1 […] the … […] 2 [… sons of Belial …] 3 [… older men] you will walk […] 4 [… do not be a glutton and a] drunkard, with [nothing in your purse …]

Fragment 26

1 […] … […] 2 […] suddenly … […] 3 […] … a destroyer like violence […] 4 [… necklaces] of majesty […] 5 […] a sash of [fine linen …] 6 […] … […]

Fragment 27

1 […] … humility … […] 2 […] … you will walk […] 3 […] … and he will not … […] 4 […] … men of perfection […]

Fragment 28

1 […] … […] 2 […] and like the water of a [rock …] 3 [… a] strong [hand] … […] 4 [… iron] and lead […] 5 [… turn back] iniquity and […] 6 […] … […]

Fragment 29

1 […] … […] 2 foot, and be strong […] 3 in the dwellings of [God …] 4 … […] … […]

Fragment 30

1 with all […] 2 the testimony […] 3 with kindness and […] 4 for all [generations …]

Fragment 31

1 [And now … listen] to my words […] 2 […] … the full […] 3 [… without] interest […]

Fragment 32

1 […] … […] 2 […] transgression, and you will deliver … […] 3 […] from death […]

Fragment 33

1 […] … you will inherit […] 2 [… do not] fear […]

Fragment 34

1 … […] 2 … […] 3 and … […] 4 … […]

Fragment 35

1 […] … […] 2 […] … […] 3 […] … […]

Fragment 36

1 […] your … […] 2 […] … what … […]

Fragment 37

1 […] … […] 2 […] … […]

Fragment 38

1 […] … […] 2 […] the day […] 3 […] … […]

Fragment 39

1 […] before […] 2 […] this […]

Fragment 40

1 […] … […] 2 […] … […]

Fragment 41

1 […] … […] 2 […] … […]

Fragment 42

1 […] they will go up […] 2 […] … […]

Fragment 43

1 […] … […] 2 [… so] that he may keep […] 3 […] this […]

Fragment 44

1 and … […]

Fragment 45

1 […] … 2 […] 3 […] son.

Fragment 46

1 […] … […] 2 […] … […]

Fragment 47

1 […] spirit […] 2 […] … […]

Fragment 48

1 […] … […] 2 […] his … […] 3 […] … […]

Fragment 49

1 […] … […] 2 […] … […]

Fragment 50

1 […] …

Fragment A

1 […] … wise […] 2 […] … […]

Glossary