Philo Allegorical Interpretation
Classical
Moreover, the soul falls in with a scorpion, that is to say, with dispersion in the wilderness; and the thirst, which is that of the passions, seizes on it until God sends forth upon it the stream of his own accurate wisdom, and causes the changed soul to drink of unchangeable health; for the abrupt rock is the wisdom of God, which being both sublime and the first of things he quarried out of his own powers, and of it he gives drink to the souls that love God; and they, when they have drunk, are also filled with the most universal manna; for manna is called something which is the primary genus of every thing. But the most universal of all things is God; and in the second place the word of God. But other things have an existence only in word, but in deed they are at times equivalent to that which has no existence.
Date: 20-50 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
1 Corinthians 10:4
New Testament
1 For I do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea, 2 and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, 3 and all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they were all drinking from the spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ. 5 But God was not pleased with most of them, for they were cut down in the wilderness.
Date: 55-57 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
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Notes and References
"... It is noteworthy that in Deuteronomy 1:5 it says: "... Moses undertook to explain (בֵּאֵר, be'er, 'to explain' or 'make clear') the Torah." בֵּאֵר (be'er) is, of course, related to בְּאֵר (be'er, 'well'; cf. Deuteronomy 27:8), and this suggests that there was a cognate verbal connection between the "well" and Torah interpretation by the time Deuteronomy was written. Also, Philo equates the "rock" with the wisdom of God (Legum Allegoriarum II.86 and Quod Deterius Potiori Insidiari Soleat 115–119). In light of the association between Torah and Wisdom, this is an important connection ..."
Aageson, James W.
Paul's Use of Scripture: A Comparative Study of Biblical Interpretation in Early Palestinian Judaism and the New Testament With Special Reference to Romans 9-11
(p. 266) Mansfield College, the University of Oxford, 1983
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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