Aeschylus Prometheus Bound
Classical
KRATOS: We've now journeyed to a remote part of the earth—the Scythian wilderness, an untrodden wasteland. Now, Hephaestus, you must carry out the task our father assigned: shackle this wrongdoer to the jagged rocks with unbreakable, adamantine chains. He stole your precious fire, the source of all forging, and gave it to mortals—a grave offense for which the gods demand justice. Let him learn to endure Zeus's rule and stop his favoritism toward humans.
Date: 479 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
1 Enoch 10:4
Pseudepigrapha
2 'Go to Noah and tell him in my name to hide himself and reveal to him that the end is near: the entire earth will be destroyed, a deluge is about to cover the whole earth and will wipe out everything on it. 3 And now instruct him so that he may escape and his descendants may be preserved for all future generations.' 4 And the Lord also said to Raphael: 'Bind Azâzal hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: make a hole in the desert in Dûdâel, and throw him in. 5 Place upon him rough and jagged rocks, cover him with darkness, and let him remain there forever, and cover his face so he may not see light. 6 On the day of great judgment he shall be thrown into the fire. And restore the earth which the angels have corrupted, and announce the restoration of the earth, so that the plague may be healed, and all the children of men may not perish due to the secrets that the Watchers have revealed and taught their children.'
Date: 200-50 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Notes and References
"... The mythic background presumed by 1 Enoch 10:4-5 is difficult to determine with certainty, and the passage may be multi-referential in this respect. The closest biblical parallel is Isaiah 24:21-22, according to which “the host of heaven” and “the kings of the earth” will be punished on the day of judgment after they had been bound and shut up in a prison, a pit, for many days. The present passage could be an elaboration of Isaiah 24:21-22, or it could reflect a longer, well-known myth to which Isaiah alludes briefly ... The closest mythic parallels to our text occur in Greek myths about Prometheus and the Titanomachia. In Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound, the rebel Titan is taken out to the wilderness, where he is chained hand and foot to the side of a cliff. Because of his continued insolence against Zeus, the high god opens the rock and entombs Prometheus until a later time ... see also the accounts in Hesiod Theogony 505-616 ..."
Nickelsburg, George W. E.
A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 1-36, 81-108
(p. 221) Fortress Press, 2001
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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